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      Liver-Protective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Allium Hirtifolium Boiss. in Rats with Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus

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          Abstract

          BACKGROUND

          Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders accompanied with many metabolic syndromes. Use of herbal medicines has always been an option to treat a great number of diseases such as diabetes and its complications. In this study the liver-protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium hirtifolium on liver enzymes level in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus was investigated.

          METHODS

          Thirty five male rats were randomly divided into five groups of seven; group 1: nondiabetic control, group 2: diabetic control, group 3: diabetic treated with shallot extract (0.1 g/kg), group 4: diabetic rats treated with shallot extract (1 g/kg), and group 5: diabetic treated with glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg). Using intraperitoneal (IP) injection of alloxan monohydrate, diabetes mellitus was induced in rats. Diabetic rats were treated with intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks. At the end of the experimental period fasting blood samples were collected.

          RESULTS

          Statistical analysis of the data indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of shallot can significantly decrease serum contents of liver enzymes (ALP, AST, and ALT) in treated groups. In most cases, the effectiveness of the extract on reduction of these enzymes is more than glibenclamide.

          CONCLUSION

          Antioxidant compounds in the extract may recover liver damages caused by free radicals in diabetic rats.

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          Natural medicines used in the traditional Chinese medical system for therapy of diabetes mellitus.

          W. L. Li, H Zheng, J Bukuru … (2004)
          The rapidly increasing diabetes mellitus is becoming a serious threat to mankind health in all parts of the world. The control and treatment of diabetes and its complications mainly depend on the chemical or biochemical agents, but the fact is that it has never been reported that someone had recovered totally from diabetes. With the distinctive traditional medical opinions and natural medicines mainly originated in herbs, the traditional Chinese medicine performed a good clinical practice and is showing a bright future in the therapy of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Based on a large number of chemical and pharmacological research work, numerous bioactive compounds have been found in Chinese medicinal plants for diabetes. The present paper reviews 86 natural medicines with regards to their origin, anti-diabetic active principles and/or pharmacological test results, which are commonly used in the traditional Chinese medical system and have demonstrated experimental or/and clinical anti-diabetic effectiveness. Among these natural medicines, 82 originate from plants and 4 from animals or insects, which covers 45 families. It is strongly significant to pay close attention to traditional Chinese medical therapeutics and natural medicines for treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Copyright 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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            Cinnamaldehyde--a potential antidiabetic agent.

            S. Prabuseenivasan, Pani P Subash, S. Ignacimuthu (2006)
            Cinnamonum zeylanicum (cinnamon) is widely used in traditional system of medicine to treat diabetes in India. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify the putative antidiabetic compounds based on bioassay-guided fractionation; the compound identified decreased the plasma glucose levels. The active compound was purified by repeat column and structure of cinnamaldehyde was determined on the basis of chemical and physiochemical evidence. The LD(50) value of cinnamaldehyde was determined as 1850+/-37 mg/kg bw. Cinnamaldehyde was administered at different doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg bw) for 45 days to streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg bw)-induced male diabetic wistar rats. It was found that plasma glucose concentration was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in a dose-dependent manner (63.29%) compared to the control. In addition, oral administration of cinnamaldehyde (20 mg/kg bw) significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1C)), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and at the same time markedly increased plasma insulin, hepatic glycogen and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Also cinnamaldehyde restored the altered plasma enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase) levels to near normal. Administration of glibenclamide, a reference drug (0.6 mg/kg bw) also produced a significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood glucose concentration in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The results of this experimental study indicate that cinnamaldehyde possesses hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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              Antidiabetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

              A Eidi, M Eidi, E Esmaeili (2006)
              The antidiabetic effect of garlic ethanolic extract (Allium sativum L.) was investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In the present study, oral administration of garlic extract (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg body wt.) for 14 days on the level of serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, uric acid, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were evaluated. Oral administrations of the garlic extract significantly decreased serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, uric acid, creatinine, AST and ALT levels, while increased serum insulin in diabetic rats but not in normal rats (p<0.05). A comparison was made between the action of garlic extract and glibenclamide (600 microg/kg), the known antidiabetic drug. The antidiabetic effect of the extract was more effective than that observed with glibenclamide. It is concluded that the plant must be considered as excellent candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): ARYA Atheroscler
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): ARYA Atheroscler
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ARYA
                Title: ARYA Atherosclerosis
                Publisher: Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 1735-3955
                ISSN (Electronic): 2251-6638
                Publication date (Print): Spring 2010
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 11-15
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biology, School of Sciences, The University of Isfahan and Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
                [2 ]Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
                [3 ]Department of Biology, School of Sciences, The University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
                [4 ]Medicinal Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
                [5 ]Department of Biology, School of Science, Isfahan Payam-e-Noor University, Isfahan, Iran
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Sedigheh Asgary, E-mail: s_asgari@ 123456crc.mui.ac.ir
                Article
                Publisher ID: ARYA-06-011
                PMC ID: 3347804
                PubMed ID: 22577407
                SO-VID: 0b2a4850-1355-40b7-91e9-91284ba64085
                Copyright © © 2010 Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center & Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 15 February 2010
                Date accepted : 25 March 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Orthopedics
                Keywords: allium hirtifolium,diabetes,rat,shallot,liver,alloxan monohydrate
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Orthopedics
                Keywords: allium hirtifolium, diabetes, rat, shallot, liver, alloxan monohydrate

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