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      Hongos ophiostomatoides de galerias de Dendroctonus adjunctus Blandford en Pinus hartwegii Lindl. Translated title: Ophiostomatoid fungi of galleries of Dendroctonus adjunctus Blandford in Pinus hartwegii Lindl.

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      Revista mexicana de ciencias forestales
      Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias
      Descortezador, Leptographium guttulatum M.J. Wingf. & K. Jacobs, Ophiostoma angusticollis (E.F. Wright & H.D. Griffin) M. Villarreal, Ophiostoma nigrocarpum (R.W. Davidson) de Hoog, Ophiostoma olivaceapini (R.W. Davidson) Seifert & G. Okada, Pesotum J.L. Crane & Schokn, Bark beetle, Leptographium guttulatum M.J. Wingf. & K. Jacobs, Ophiostoma angusticollis (E.F. Wright & H.D. Griffin) M. Villarreal, Ophiostoma nigrocarpum (R.W. Davidson) de Hoog, Ophiostoma olivaceapini (R.W. Davidson) Seifert & G. Okada, Pesotum J.L. Crane & Schokn

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          Abstract

          Los descortezadores (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) son vectores del hongo Ophiostoma spp., causante del manchado azul de la madera que contribuye a la muerte de árboles en coníferas y angiospermas. En México, Dendroctonus adjunctus es una de las principales plagas de los bosques de pino, pero se desconocen los hongos simbiontes que introduce en sus galerías. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar los hongos ophiostomatoides asociados al pino de las alturas ( Pinus hartwegii ). Se colectaron 20 muestras de corteza con galerías del insecto en la Estación Forestal Experimental Zoquiapan (EFEZ) de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Estado de México. Las muestras se desinfestaron con hipoclorito de sodio, se colocaron en cámaras con alta humedad relativa e incubaron a 25 ± 2 °C en oscuridad durante 30 días, para el desarrollo de estructuras reproductivas. Los hongos fueron aislados en extracto-malta-agar al 2%; se hizo su caracterización morfológica y molecular, esta mediante la amplificación de la región intergénica (ITS) de los genes ribosomales rADN, con la técnica de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Se registraron cinco hongos: Leptographium guttulatum , Ophiostoma angusticollis , O. nigrocarpum , O. olivaceapini y Pesotum sp., con la presencia del teleomorfo y del anamorfo en el medio de cultivo. Los análisis moleculares corroboraron las identificaciones, sin embargo, O. nigrocarpum y O.angusticollis mostraron una homología con el género Sporothrix (anamorfo) en un 99% y Pesotum un 98% con Ophiostoma (teleomorfo). Las secuencias se depositaron en el Banco de Genes del NCBI.

          Translated abstract

          Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are vectors of Ophiostoma fungi species which cause the blue-stained wood disease and contribute to the death of conifer and angiosperm trees. In Mexico, Dendroctonus adjunctus is one of the major pests of pine forests; however, most of the symbiotic fungi introduced into its galleries are unknown. The main objective of the present study was to identify and characterize ophiostomatoid fungi associated with hartwegii pine ( Pinus hartwegii ). Twelve bark beetle galleries were collected in the Zoquiapan Experimental Forest Station (EFEZ by its acronym in Spanish) from the Universidad Autonoma Chapingo in Zoquiapan, State of Mexico. Samples were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite, placed in chambers with high relative humidity and incubated at 25 ± 2 °C in darkness during 30 days for the development of reproductive structures. Fungi were isolated on 2% agar-malt extract; its identification was done using morphological characters and were molecularly characterized by means of amplification of the internal transcribes spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal rDNA genes using the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Five fungi were identified: Leptographium guttulatum, Ophiostoma nigrocarpum, O. angusticollis O. olivaceapinii and Pesotum sp. The molecular analysis confirmed that O. nigrocarpum and O.angusticollis showed 99% homology levels with the genus Sporothrix (anamorph), whereas Pesotum had 98% homology levels with Ophiostoma (teleomorph). The sequences were deposited in the Gene Bank of the NCBI.

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          Interactions among Scolytid bark beetles, their associated fungi, and live host conifers.

          Scolytid bark beetles that colonize living conifers are frequently associated with specific fungi that are carried in specialized structures or on the body surface. These fungi are introduced into the tree during the attack process. The continuing association suggests that there is mutual benefit to the fitness of both beetles and fungi. The fungal species may benefit from the association with the beetles by transport to new host trees. Beetle species may benefit from the association with fungi by feeding on the fungi, or by the fungi contributing to the death of the host trees through mycelial penetration of host tissue, toxin release, interactions with preformed and induced conifer defenses, or the combined action of both beetles and fungi during colonization. Extensive research has been directed towards characterizing the interactions of beetle-fungal complexes with live host conifers and determining the ecological advantages for maintaining the associations. However, differences among systems and how species interact under different population and environmental conditions make it difficult to generalize about the importance of the separate biological components in successful host colonization.
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            Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Ophiostoma piceae Complex and the Dutch Elm Disease Fungi

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              Illustrated genera of Ascomycetes

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                remcf
                Revista mexicana de ciencias forestales
                Rev. mex. de cienc. forestales
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (México, Distrito Federal, Mexico )
                2007-1132
                December 2011
                : 2
                : 8
                : 35-46
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameColegio de Postgraduados . Campus Montecillo orgdiv1Programa de Fitopatología oalejandrovera@ 123456gmail.com
                [02] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Chapingo orgdiv1División de Ciencias Forestales
                [03] orgnameColegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo orgdiv1Programa de Entomología y Acarología
                Article
                S2007-11322011000600004 S2007-1132(11)00200800004
                0b556762-4dc2-4a45-a9be-5a571082e607

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 August 2010
                : 23 December 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 12
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                SciELO Mexico

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                Ophiostoma olivaceapini (R.W. Davidson) Seifert & G. Okada,Pesotum J.L. Crane & Schokn,Ophiostoma nigrocarpum (R.W. Davidson) de Hoog,Ophiostoma angusticollis (E.F. Wright & H.D. Griffin) M. Villarreal,Leptographium guttulatum M.J. Wingf. & K. Jacobs,Bark beetle,Descortezador

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