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      Evolving trends in mAb production processes

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          Abstract

          Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have established themselves as the leading biopharmaceutical therapeutic modality. The establishment of robust manufacturing platforms are key for antibody drug discovery efforts to seamlessly translate into clinical and commercial successes. Several drivers are influencing the design of mAb manufacturing processes. The advent of biosimilars is driving a desire to achieve lower cost of goods and globalize biologics manufacturing. High titers are now routinely achieved for mAbs in mammalian cell culture. These drivers have resulted in significant evolution in process platform approaches. Additionally, several new trends in bioprocessing have arisen in keeping with these needs. These include the consideration of alternative expression systems, continuous biomanufacturing and non‐chromatographic separation formats. This paper discusses these drivers in the context of the kinds of changes they are driving in mAb production processes.

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          Most cited references55

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          Production of recombinant proteins by microbes and higher organisms.

          Large proteins are usually expressed in a eukaryotic system while smaller ones are expressed in prokaryotic systems. For proteins that require glycosylation, mammalian cells, fungi or the baculovirus system is chosen. The least expensive, easiest and quickest expression of proteins can be carried out in Escherichia coli. However, this bacterium cannot express very large proteins. Also, for S-S rich proteins, and proteins that require post-translational modifications, E. coli is not the system of choice. The two most utilized yeasts are Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. Yeasts can produce high yields of proteins at low cost, proteins larger than 50 kD can be produced, signal sequences can be removed, and glycosylation can be carried out. The baculoviral system can carry out more complex post-translational modifications of proteins. The most popular system for producing recombinant mammalian glycosylated proteins is that of mammalian cells. Genetically modified animals secrete recombinant proteins in their milk, blood or urine. Similarly, transgenic plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and others can generate many recombinant proteins.
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            Antibody therapeutics in cancer.

            In a relatively short period of time, monoclonal antibodies have entered the mainstream of cancer therapy. Their first use was as antagonists of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases, but today monoclonal antibodies have emerged as long-sought vehicles for the targeted delivery of potent chemotherapeutic agents and as powerful tools to manipulate anticancer immune responses. With ever more promising results from the clinic, the future will likely see continued growth in the discovery and development of therapeutic antibodies and their derivatives.
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              Dual targeting strategies with bispecific antibodies.

              Monoclonal antibodies are widely used for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory and infectious diseases and other disorders. Most of the marketed antibodies are monospecific and therefore capable of interacting and interfering with a single target. However, complex diseases are often multifactorial in nature, and involve redundant or synergistic action of disease mediators or upregulation of different receptors, including crosstalk between their signaling networks. Consequently, blockade of multiple, different pathological factors and pathways may result in improved therapeutic efficacy. This result can be achieved by combining different drugs, or use of the dual targeting strategies applying bispecific antibodies that have emerged as an alternative to combination therapy. This review discusses the various dual targeting strategies for which bispecific antibodies have been developed and provides an overview of the established bispecific antibody formats.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                ashukla@kbibiopharma.com
                Journal
                Bioeng Transl Med
                Bioeng Transl Med
                10.1002/(ISSN)2380-6761
                BTM2
                Bioengineering & Translational Medicine
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2380-6761
                03 April 2017
                March 2017
                : 2
                : 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/btm2.v2.1 )
                : 58-69
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Process Development & Manufacturing KBI Biopharma Inc. Durham NC 27704
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence Abhinav A. Shukla, Process Development & Manufacturing, KBI Biopharma Inc., Durham, NC 27704. Email: ashukla@ 123456kbibiopharma.com .
                Article
                BTM210061
                10.1002/btm2.10061
                5689530
                29313024
                0b8c48d6-6030-429b-baf4-a228fe1f9abc
                © 2017 The Authors. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 11 November 2016
                : 24 February 2017
                : 06 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 8, Tables: 0, Pages: 12, Words: 8090
                Categories
                Review
                Reviews
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                btm210061
                March 2017
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:5.2.5 mode:remove_FC converted:16.11.2017

                biosimilars,bispecific antibodies,continuous bioprocessing,fc fusion proteins,high titer cell culture,monoclonal antibodies,next generation monoclonal antibodies,nonchromatographic separations,platform process,process development

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