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      Euthanasia: trends and opinions in Spain Translated title: La eutanasia, tendencias y opiniones en España

      research-article
      Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
      Sociedad Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
      euthanasia, surveys, public opinion, suicide, assited, right to die, eutanasia, encuestas y cuestionarios, opinión pública, suicidio asistido, derecho a morir

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          Analyse the evolution of opinions about euthanasia by the general public and clinical physicians from 1995 to 2019 and their influence at the present time.

          Material and method:

          Bibliographical review based on relevance and quality of publications in open access and academic access platforms. Main surveys review of public and private institutions. Congress and Senate Official Journal Sessions.

          Results:

          Recent surveys show that clinicians support the regulation of euthanasia. This position matches the general public’s belief, which has grown steadily in recent decades.

          Discussion:

          Social and clinical support for the regulation of euthanasia has been fundamental. In the last two decades political parties have changed their positions, thus creating a window of opportunity.

          Resumen

          Objetivo:

          Conocer la evolución de la opinión pública y de los médicos sobre la eutanasia entre 1995 y 2019 y su influencia en el momento actual.

          Material y método:

          Análisis bibliográfico de publicaciones de mayor relevancia y calidad en plataformas de acceso abierto y de acceso académico. Revisión de los principales sondeos de instituciones públicas y privadas. Revisión de los diarios de sesiones del Congreso y el Senado.

          Resultados:

          Encuestas recientes muestran al colectivo médico favorable a la regulación de la eutanasia, una posición que concuerda con lo que opina la población en general y que, de manera sostenida, ha ido creciendo su respaldo en las últimas décadas.

          Discusión:

          El apoyo social y clínico a la regulación han sido elementos importantes. Una lectura que también ha sido realizada por los partidos políticos, que en las últimas dos décadas han ido virando sus posiciones, generando una ventana de oportunidad a la regulación.

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          Most cited references24

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          Public acceptance of euthanasia in Europe: a survey study in 47 countries.

          In recent years, the European euthanasia debate has become more intense, and the practice was legalized in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. We aimed to determine the current degree of public acceptance of euthanasia across Europe and investigate what factors explain differences. Data were derived from the 2008 wave of the European Values Survey (EVS), conducted in 47 European countries (N = 67,786, response rate = 69 %). Acceptance of euthanasia was rated on a 1-10 scale. Relatively high acceptance was found in a small cluster of Western European countries, including the three countries that have legalized euthanasia and Denmark, France, Sweden and Spain. In a large part of Europe public acceptance was relatively low to moderate. Comparison with the results of the previous EVS wave (1999) suggests a tendency towards a polarization in Europe, with most of Western Europe becoming more permissive and most of Eastern Europe becoming less permissive. There is roughly a West-East division in euthanasia acceptance among the European public, making a pan-European policy approach to the issue difficult.
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            Trends in acceptance of euthanasia among the general public in 12 European countries (1981-1999).

            We wanted to examine how the acceptance of euthanasia among the general public in Western Europe has changed in the last decades, and we wanted to look for possible explanations. We analysed data from the European Values Surveys, held in 1981, 1990, and 1999-2000 in 12 West European countries. In each country, representative samples of the general public were interviewed using the same structured questionnaire in all countries. Euthanasia was explained in the questionnaires as 'terminating the life of the incurably sick'. A total of 46 199 respondents participated in the surveys. A significant increase in acceptance of euthanasia could be observed in all countries except (West) Germany. While the average increase in euthanasia acceptance was 22%, the increase was particularly obvious in Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. Although changes in several characteristics of respondents, such as decrease in religious beliefs, rising belief in the right to self-determination, and (to a lesser extent) rise in levels of education, were associated with growing acceptance of euthanasia, they could only partly explain the increase of euthanasia acceptance over the years. An increase of euthanasia acceptance among the general public took place over the last two decades in almost all West European countries, possibly indicating a growing support for personal autonomy regarding medical end-of-life decisions. If this trend continues, it is likely to increase the public and political debate about the (legal) regulation of euthanasia under certain conditions of careful medical practice in several West European countries.
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              La calidad de muerte como componente de la calidad de vida

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Sanid Penit
                Rev Esp Sanid Penit
                sanipe
                Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
                Sociedad Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
                1575-0620
                2013-6463
                Sep-Dec 2020
                31 October 2020
                : 22
                : 3
                : 112-115
                Affiliations
                [1] originalPre-doctoral researcher. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia - UNED, Doctorate Program. Madrid. Spain. orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia - UNED orgdiv1Doctorate Program Madrid, Spain
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Irene Bernal Carcelen. E-mail: irenebernalcarcelen@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                10.18176/resp.00020
                7754540
                33300934
                0bb6684a-8e59-4a94-9675-59c25997d638

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 16 February 2020
                : 25 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 04
                Categories
                Short Original

                euthanasia,surveys,public opinion,suicide, assited,right to die,eutanasia,encuestas y cuestionarios,opinión pública,suicidio asistido,derecho a morir

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