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      Irradiation tests on PHWR type fuel elements in TRIGA research reactor of INR Pitesti Translated title: Bestrahlungsexperimente an Schwerwasser-Druckreaktor-Brennelementen im TRIGA Forschungsreaktor des INR Pitesti

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      1 , 2 , 3
      Kerntechnik
      Carl Hanser Verlag

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          Abstract

          Nine PHWR type fuel elements with reduced length were irradiated in loop A of the TRIGA Research Reactor of INR Pitesti. The primary objective of the test was to determine the performance of nuclear fuel fabricated at INR Pitesti at high linear powers in pressurized water conditions. Six fuel elements were irradiated with a ramp power history, achieving a maximum power of 45 kW/m during pre-ramp and of 64 kW/m in the ramp. The maximum discharge burnup was of 216 MWh/kgU. Another three fuel elements with reduced length were irradiated with declining power history. At the beginning of irradiation the fuel elements achieved a maximum linear power of 66 kW/m. The maximum fuel power was about 1.3 times the maximum expected in PHWR. The maximum discharge burnup was 205 MWh/kgU. The elements were destructively examined in the hot cells of INR Pitesti. Temperature-sensitive parameters such as UO 2 grain growth, fission-gas release and sheath deformations were examined. The tests proved the feasibility of irradiating PHWR type fuel elements at linear powers up to 66 kW/m under pressurized water conditions and demonstrated the possibility of more flexible operation of this fuel in power reactors. This paper presents the results of the investigation.

          Kurzfassung

          Im Loop A des TRIGA Forschungsreaktors des INR Pitesti wurden 9 Schwerwasser-Druckreaktor-Brennelemente mit verkürzter Länge untersucht. Ziel dieser Untersuchungen war die Bestimmung der Qualität des im INR Pitesti hergestellten Brennstoffs bei hohen linearen Bestrahlungsrampen unter Druckwasserbedingungen. Dabei wurden 6 Brennelemente einer ansteigenden und drei Brennelemente einer abnehmenden Bestrahlungsrampe ausgesetzt. Die maximale Bestrahlungsleistung betrug das 1,3 fache der erwarteten maximalen Bestrahlungsleistung in einem schwerwassermoderierten Druckreaktor. Der maximale Abbrand der getesteten Brennelemente betrug 205 MWh/kgU. Die derart bestrahlten Brennelementproben wurden anschließend zerstörend geprüft in den heißen Zellen des INR Pitesti. Dabei wurden u.a. temperatur-sensitive Parameter wie die UO 2-Korngröße, die Spaltgasfreisetzung und die Deformation der Hülle untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellt und zeigen, dass der im INR Pitesti hergestellte Brennstoff eine flexiblere Betriebsweise in den Reaktoren ermöglicht.

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          Technical feasibility of using RU-43 fuel in the CANDU-6 reactors of the Cernavoda NPP

          Recovered uranium (RU) is a by-product of many light-water reactor (LWR) fuel recycling programs. A fissile content in the RU of 0.9 to 1.0 % makes it impossible for reuse in an LWR without re-enrichment, but CANDU reactors have a sufficiently high neutron economy to use RU as fuel. The Institute for Nuclear Research (INR) Pitesti has analyzed the feasibility of using RU fuel with 0.9 – 1.1 w% 235 U in the CANDU-6 reactors of the Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant (Cernavoda NPP). Using RU fuel would produce a significant increase in the fuel discharge burnup, from 170 MWh/kgU currently achieves with natural-uranium (NU) fuel to about 355 MWh/kgU. This would lead to reduced fuel-cycle cost and a large reduction in spent-fuel volume per full-power-year of operation. The RU fuel bundle design with recovered uranium fuel, known as RU-43, is being developed by the INR Pitesti and is now at the stage of final design verification. Early work has been concentrated on RU-43 fuel bundle design optimization, safety and reactor physics assessment. The changes in fuel element and fuel bundle design contribute to the many advantages offered by the RU-43 bundle. Verification of the design of the RU-43 fuel bundle is performed in a way that shows that design criteria are met, and is mostly covered by proof tests such as flow and irradiation tests. The most relevant calculations performed on this fuel bundle design version are presented. Also, the stages of an experimental program aiming to verify the operating performance are briefly described in this paper.
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            CANDU fuel elements behaviour in the load following tests

            Two load following (LF) tests on CANDU type fuel elements were performed in TRIGA Research Reactor of INR Pitesti. In the first LF test the 78R fuel element has successfully experienced 367 power cycles, mostly between 23 and 56 kW/m average linear power. In the second LF test, the fuel element withstood 200 power cycles from 27 to 54 kW/m average linear power as well as additional ramps due to reactor trips and restarts during test period. New LF tests are planed to be performed in order to establish the limits and capabilities for CANDU fuel in LF conditions. This paper presents the results of the LF tests performed in TRIGA Research Reactor and their relation to CANDU fuel performance in LF conditions.
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              Author and article information

              Journal
              kt
              Kerntechnik
              Carl Hanser Verlag
              0932-3902
              2195-8580
              2012
              : 77
              : 6
              : 418-423
              Affiliations
              1 E-mail: horhoianu.grigore@ 123456gmail.com , Head of Nuclear Fuel Engineering Laboratory
              2 Head of TRIGA Reactor Loop Facility
              3 Head of the Hot Cells Laboratory, Institute for Nuclear Research, P.O. Box 78, Pitesti, 0300, Romania
              Article
              KT110277
              10.3139/124.110277
              0bc7e481-49d8-402b-a98d-f695fb09e363
              © 2012, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
              History
              : 4 July 2012
              Page count
              References: 14, Pages: 6
              Categories
              Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge

              Materials technology,Materials for energy,Nuclear physics
              Materials technology, Materials for energy, Nuclear physics

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