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      Effects of maize organ-specific drought stress response on yields from transcriptome analysis

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          Abstract

          Background

          Drought is a serious causal factor of reduced crop yields than any other abiotic stresses. As one of the most widely distributed crops, maize plants frequently suffer from drought stress, which causes great losses in the final kernel yield. Drought stress response in plants showed tissue- and developmental stage-specific characteristics.

          Results

          In this study, the ears at the V9 stage, kernels and ear leaf at the 5DAP (days after pollination) stage of maize were used for morphological, physiological and comparative transcriptomics analysis to understand the different features of “sink” or “source” organs and the effects on kernel yield under drought stress conditions. The ABA-, NAC-mediate signaling pathway, osmotic protective substance synthesis and protein folding response were identified as common drought stress response in the three organs. Tissue-specific drought stress responses and the regulators were identified, they were highly correlated with growth, physiological adaptation and yield loss under drought stress. For ears, drought stress inhibited ear elongation, led to the abnormal differentiation of the paired spikelet, and auxin signaling involved in the regulation of cell division and growth and primordium development changes. In the kernels, reduced kernel size caused by drought stress was observed, and the obvious differences of auxin, BR and cytokine signaling transduction appeared, which indicated the modification in carbohydrate metabolism, cell differentiation and growth retardation. For the ear leaf, dramatically and synergistically reduced the expression of photosynthesis genes were observed when suffered from drought stress, the ABA- and NAC- mediate signaling pathway played important roles in the regulation of photosynthesis.

          Conclusions

          Transcriptomic changes caused by drought were highly correlated with developmental and physiological adaptation, which was closely related to the final yield of maize, and a sketch of tissue- and developmental stage-specific responses to drought stress in maize was drafted.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1941-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references63

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          NAC proteins: regulation and role in stress tolerance.

          The plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1,2 and CUC2) proteins constitute a major transcription factor family renowned for their roles in several developmental programs. Despite their highly conserved DNA-binding domains, their remarkable diversification across plants reflects their numerous functions. Lately, they have received much attention as regulators in various stress signaling pathways which may include interplay of phytohormones. This review summarizes the recent progress in research on NACs highlighting the proteins' potential for engineering stress tolerance against various abiotic and biotic challenges. We discuss regulatory components and targets of NAC proteins in the context of their prospective role for crop improvement strategies via biotechnological intervention. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Transcriptional Regulatory Network of Plant Heat Stress Response.

            Heat stress (HS) is becoming an increasingly significant problem for food security as global warming progresses. Recent studies have elucidated the complex transcriptional regulatory networks involved in HS. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the transcriptional regulatory network and post-translational regulation of the transcription factors involved in the HS response. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic regulation and small RNAs are important in heat-induced transcriptional responses and stress memory. It remains to be elucidated how plants sense and respond to HS. Several recent reports have discussed the heat sensing and signaling that activate transcriptional cascades; thus, we also highlight future directions of promoting crop tolerance to HS using these factors or other strategies for agricultural applications.
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              Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants

              Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress conditions, which ultimately affect the yield. In stress conditions, plants develop various stress mechanism to face the magnitude of stress challenges, although that is not enough to protect them. Therefore, many strategies have been used to produce abiotic stress tolerance crop plants, among them, abscisic acid (ABA) phytohormone engineering could be one of the methods of choice. ABA is an isoprenoid phytohormone, which regulates various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage and provides adaptation to many stresses like drought, salt, and cold stresses. ABA is also called an important messenger that acts as the signaling mediator for regulating the adaptive response of plants to different environmental stress conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling. The review also deals with the effect of ABA in respect to gene expression.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                baomeiaijia@163.com
                canlsdu@163.com
                zhangdengfeng@caas.cn
                chunmeihe11@163.com
                jrzhang@sdu.edu.cn
                +86-531-88364350 , zhaoxia_1019@126.com
                Journal
                BMC Plant Biol
                BMC Plant Biol
                BMC Plant Biology
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2229
                1 August 2019
                1 August 2019
                2019
                : 19
                : 335
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1761 1174, GRID grid.27255.37, Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, , Shandong University, ; Qingdao, 266237 Shandong China
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0526 1937, GRID grid.410727.7, Institute of Crop Sciences, , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, ; Beijing, 100081 China
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0644 6150, GRID grid.452757.6, Maize Research Institute, , Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, ; Jinan, 250100 Shandong China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-1919
                Article
                1941
                10.1186/s12870-019-1941-5
                6676540
                31370805
                0be5b562-fb31-4db3-9d09-0c40a6cbdf0a
                © The Author(s). 2019

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 4 February 2019
                : 17 July 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: National Major Projects for Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding in China
                Award ID: 2016ZX08003004-003
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 31571674
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Plant science & Botany
                drought,maize,yield,comparative transcriptomics analysis,ear,ear leaf,kernel
                Plant science & Botany
                drought, maize, yield, comparative transcriptomics analysis, ear, ear leaf, kernel

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