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      Hidrogeoquímica y estimación del fondo natural de nitratos del agua subterránea en un agroecosistema del pedemonte de la sierra de Comechingones

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          Abstract

          Para muchas comunidades rurales, el agua subterránea es el único recurso hídrico disponible para consumo humano. Uno de los problemas que afecta la composición química natural del agua es la presencia de nitratos, indicador de contaminación antrópica. Las actividades agropecuarias son fuentes de nitratos a partir del uso de agroquímicos y ganadería extensiva-intensiva. Debido a la potencialidad de impacto de las actividades del agroecosistema en la zona estudiada, este trabajo tiene por objetivo evaluar las características hidrogeoquímicas del acuífero libre y estimar el valor característico de fondo (VCF) y el rango de fondo natural (RFN) para nitratos, así como valores anómalos. Estos aspectos fueron relacionados con las características hidrogeológicas y el uso del territorio. En el agua subterránea, se detectaron valores de NO3- entre 3,0 y 192,5 mg/L. El RFN de nitratos va de 3,0 a 10,1 mg/L y el VCF es de 7,5 mg/L. De las muestras extraídas, el 65 % se encuentra por encima del límite máximo del RFN y el 87,5 % es superior al VCF estimado. Los valores anómalos se asocian a diversas fuentes de contaminación, los más elevados a fuentes puntuales, principalmente cría intensiva de ganado ( feed-lots de bovinos y porcinos) y corrales. Los más bajos, a fuentes difusas como ganadería extensiva y uso de fertilizantes (urea, fosfato y sulfato de amonio) en el cultivo de soja y maíz.

          Translated abstract

          For many rural communities, groundwater is the only source for human consumption. A problem that changes groundwater chemistry is the occurrence of nitrates, an indicator of anthropogenic pollution. Nitrate sources are agricultural activities (use of agrochemicals and extensive or intensive livestock). Due to the potential impact of such activities, the objective of this study is to assess the hydrochemical characteristics of the unconfined aquifer in an agroecosystem and to estimate the characteristic natural background value (NBV), the natural background range (NBR) and anomalous nitrate values. All these issues were linked to hydrogeological characteristics and land uses. Nitrates values between 3.0 and 192.5 mg/L were detected in groundwater. The NBR was 3.0 to 10.1 mg/L and the NBV was 7.5 mg/L. From all the samples obtained, 65 % is above the maximum limit of NBR and 87.5 % exceeds the NBV. The anomalous NO3- values are associated with different pollution sources. The highest are related to punctual sources, mainly cow and pig feed-lots, whereas the lowest are linked to diffuse contamination sources like disperse animal farming and fertilizers (urea, ammonium phosphate and sulfate) for soybean and maize crop.

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          Most cited references91

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          Isotopic studies of nitrogen pollution in the hydrosphere and atmosphere: A review

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            The natural (baseline) quality of groundwater: a UK pilot study.

            Knowledge of the natural baseline quality of groundwaters is an essential prerequisite for understanding pollution and for imposing regulatory limits. The natural baseline of groundwaters may show a range of concentrations depending on aquifer mineralogy, facies changes, flow paths and residence time. The geochemical controls on natural concentrations are discussed and an approach to defining baseline concentrations using geochemical and statistical tools is proposed. The approach is illustrated using a flowline from the Chalk aquifer in Berkshire, UK where aerobic and anaerobic sections of the aquifer are separately considered. The baseline concentrations for some elements are close to atmospheric values whereas others evolve through time-dependent water-rock interaction. Certain solutes (K, NH(4)(+)), often considered contaminants, reach naturally high concentrations due to geochemical controls; transition metal concentrations are generally low, although their concentrations may be modified by redox controls. It is recommended that the baseline approach be incorporated into future management strategies, notably monitoring.
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              Nitrate pollution from agriculture in different hydrogeological zones of the regional groundwater flow system in the North China Plain

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                raga
                Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina
                Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent.
                Asociación Geológica Argentina (Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                0004-4822
                1851-8249
                September 2014
                : 71
                : 3
                : 378-392
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Río Cuarto orgdiv1Dpto. de Geología
                Article
                S0004-48222014000300006
                0bf3eb5a-3e34-49c0-9430-24669db53802

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 83, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Artículos

                Nitratos,Anomalías,Geoquímica,Ecosistema agrícola,Acuífero libre,Nitrates,Anomalies,Geochemistry,Agricultural ecosystem,Unconfined aquifer

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