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      Effect of sec-O-glucosylhamaudol on mechanical allodynia in a rat model of postoperative pain

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          Abstract

          Background

          This study was performed in order to examine the effect of intrathecal sec-O-glucosylhamaudol (SOG), an extract from the root of the Peucedanum japonicum Thunb., on incisional pain in a rat model.

          Methods

          The intrathecal catheter was inserted in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 55). The postoperative pain model was made and paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) were evaluated. Rats were randomly treated with a vehicle (70% dimethyl sulfoxide) and SOG (10 μg, 30 μg, 100 μg, and 300 μg) intrathecally, and PWT was observed for four hours. Dose-responsiveness and ED50 values were calculated. Naloxone was administered 10 min prior to treatment of SOG 300 μg in order to assess the involvement of SOG with an opioid receptor. The protein levels of the δ-opioid receptor, κ-opioid receptor, and μ-opioid receptor (MOR) were analyzed by Western blotting of the spinal cord.

          Results

          Intrathecal SOG significantly increased PWT in a dose-dependent manner. Maximum effects were achieved at a dose of 300 μg at 60 min after SOG administration, and the maximal possible effect was 85.35% at that time. The medial effective dose of intrathecal SOG was 191.3 μg (95% confidence interval, 102.3–357.8). The antinociceptive effects of SOG (300 μg) were significantly reverted until 60 min by naloxone. The protein levels of MOR were decreased by administration of SOG.

          Conclusions

          Intrathecal SOG showed a significant antinociceptive effect on the postoperative pain model and reverted by naloxone. The expression of MOR were changed by SOG. The effects of SOG seem to involve the MOR.

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          Most cited references30

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          Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals.

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            Chronic catheterization of the spinal subarachnoid space.

            To administer drugs into the spinal subarachnoid space of unanesthetized and intact rats and rabbits, a procedure is described whereby a polyethylene catheter (PE-10) may be inserted through a puncture of the atlanto-occipital membrane and secured to the skull. Calibration experiments carried out with bromophenol blue dye, 3H-naloxone and 14C-urea revealed first, that there was little rostro-caudal diffusion of the injectate along the spinal axis and secondly, that even for compounds such as naloxone which can rapidly permeate neural tissues, the levels which do appear in the brain are small following the spinal subarachnoid administration of the drug. Control injections, administered either acutely or repeatedly over a prolonged period of time, had no detectable effect on the animal's behavior. These observations, as well as the lack of pathology in the spinal cords of rats having such catheters for periods of up to 4 months suggests that the implant is well tolerated.
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              Postoperative pain control.

              The effective relief of pain is of the utmost importance to anyone treating patients undergoing surgery. Pain relief has significant physiological benefits; hence, monitoring of pain relief is increasingly becoming an important postoperative quality measure. The goal for postoperative pain management is to reduce or eliminate pain and discomfort with a minimum of side effects. Various agents (opioid vs. nonopioid), routes (oral, intravenous, neuraxial, regional) and modes (patient controlled vs. "as needed") for the treatment of postoperative pain exist. Although traditionally the mainstay of postoperative analgesia is opioid based, increasingly more evidence exists to support a multimodal approach with the intent to reduce opioid side effects (such as nausea and ileus) and improve pain scores. Enhanced recovery protocols to reduce length of stay in colorectal surgery are becoming more prevalent and include multimodal opioid sparing regimens as a critical component. Familiarity with the efficacy of available agents and routes of administration is important to tailor the postoperative regimen to the needs of the individual patient.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Korean J Pain
                Korean J Pain
                The Korean Journal of Pain
                The Korean Pain Society
                2005-9159
                2093-0569
                April 2019
                01 April 2019
                : 32
                : 2
                : 87-96
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
                [2 ]Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
                [3 ]Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
                [4 ]Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Medical School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
                [5 ]School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Ki Tae Jung, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, 365 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61453, Korea, Tel: +82-62-220-3223, Fax: +82-62-223-2333, E-mail: mdmole@ 123456chosun.ac.kr , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2486-9961

                Gi-Ho Koh’s current affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea

                Article
                kjp-32-087
                10.3344/kjp.2019.32.2.87
                6549587
                31091507
                0c4e1ddf-259a-429d-ace9-e0682ba7b9ab
                © The Korean Pain Society, 2019

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, rovided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 14 January 2019
                : 28 February 2019
                : 05 March 2019
                Categories
                Original Article

                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                analgesia,blotting, western,dimethyl sulfoxide,hyperalgesia,nociceptive pain,pain, postoperative,rats,receptors, opioid,spinal cord,11-hydroxy-sec-o-glocosylhamaudol

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