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      Prevalence of functional constipation among Palestinian preschool children and the relation to stressful life events

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          Abstract

          Aim

          Increasing evidence exists with respect to the relation between stressful life events and functional constipation (FC). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of FC in Palestinian refugee preschool children and to determine if stress and trauma exposure are risk factors of FC in these children.

          Methods

          From November 2013 until May 2014, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in West Bank, Gaza and Jordan. Mothers of 862 Palestinian refugee children aged 7–48 months were interviewed on defecation pattern, socio-economic factors and the child’s exposure to traumatic events.

          Results

          Twelve percent of the Palestinian refugee children fulfilled the criteria for FC. The prevalence of constipation was significantly lower in Gaza compared to Jordan (2% vs. 17%, p <0,001). Living in Gaza was associated with lower odds of FC (OR 0,08, 95% CI 0,03–0,20). Trauma exposure was associated with higher odds of FC (OR 1,19, 95% CI 1,06–1,35), however only a small number of children had been exposed to traumatic events.

          Conclusion

          The overall prevalence of FC in Palestinian preschool children is comparable to prevalence rates among older children worldwide. In this age group stressful life events and trauma exposure seem not to play an important role in the development of FC.

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          Most cited references17

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          Prevalence of Functional Defecation Disorders in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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            Health status and health services in the occupied Palestinian territory

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              Reliability and validity of a modified Bristol Stool Form Scale for children.

              This study sought to: evaluate the ability of children to reliably use a modified Bristol Stool Form Scale for Children (mBSFS-C), evaluate criterion-related validity of the mBSFS-C, and identify the lower age limit for mBSFS-C use.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                6 December 2018
                2018
                : 13
                : 12
                : e0208571
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Emma Children’s Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
                [2 ] United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian refugees in the Near East, Headquarters Amman, Jordan
                [3 ] University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
                [4 ] Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands
                London School of Economics and Political Science, UNITED KINGDOM
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-9992
                Article
                PONE-D-17-08928
                10.1371/journal.pone.0208571
                6283531
                30521620
                0c8726fd-5566-40b5-9c08-a91443fb1fe1
                © 2018 Froon-Torenstra et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 6 March 2017
                : 20 November 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 3, Pages: 9
                Funding
                This research was supported by Emma’s Children Hospital/Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, and United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine refugees in the Near East.
                Categories
                Research Article
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Families
                Mothers
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Children
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Families
                Children
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Gastroenterology and Hepatology
                Constipation
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Diagnostic Medicine
                Signs and Symptoms
                Constipation
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Signs and Symptoms
                Constipation
                People and Places
                Geographical Locations
                Asia
                Palestinian Territories
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Families
                Fathers
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Children
                Toddlers
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Families
                Children
                Toddlers
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Processes
                Defecation
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Processes
                Defecation
                Custom metadata
                Data cannot be made publicly available due to ethical restrictions since data contains potentially identifying and patient sensitive information. Data are protected by the United Nations Relief Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA). Data requests need to be made directly to UNRWA Headquarters in Amman, Jordan; ( w.zeidan2@ 123456unrwa.org ).

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                Uncategorized

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