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      Spatial and temporal variation of the diet of the flag tetra Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Characiformes: Characidae) in streams of the Eastern Amazon

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Spatial and temporal variations in streams promote large fluctuations of resource availability, thus affecting the diet of fishes. We evaluated the effects of hydrological periods and stream order within periods on the diet of the flag tetra Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus. We analyzed 160 stomachs in eight streams ranging from 1st to 3rd order between dry and flood period. Sampled streams belonged to a well-preserved area in the Eastern Amazon. The flag tetra is omnivorous, with a tendency towards insectivory. During the dry period, the species exhibited a higher amount of autochthonous than allochthonous items. Fish consumed more allochthonous items in 1st and 2nd order streams in the dry period and in 1st and 3rd order streams in the flood period. These results reflect the interactions between temporal and longitudinal factors on resource availability and its influence on fish diet. This pattern is probably dependent on the extensive riparian vegetation as a direct and indirect source of food for stream fish.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Variações espaciais e temporais em habitats de riachos promovem grandes flutuações na disponibilidade de recursos, afetando assim a dieta dos peixes. Avaliamos os efeitos dos períodos hidrológicos e da ordem do riacho em cada período na dieta do tetra Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus. Analisamos 160 estômagos em oito riachos variando de 1ª a 3ª ordem entre o período de seca e cheia. Todos os riachos foram amostrados em uma área bem preservada na Amazônia Oriental. O tetra é onívoro com tendência à insetivoria. Durante o período seco, a espécie exibiu maior quantidade de itens autóctones do que itens alóctones. Os peixes consumiram mais itens alóctones nos riachos de 1ª e 2ª ordem no período de seca e nos riachos de 1ª e 3ª ordem no período de cheia. Esses resultados refletem as interações entre fatores temporais e longitudinais na disponibilidade de recursos e sua influência na dieta de peixes. Este padrão é provavelmente dependente da extensa vegetação ripária como fonte direta e indireta de alimento para peixes de riachos.

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          Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification

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            Stomach contents analysis-a review of methods and their application

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              Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology.

              Natural populations consist of phenotypically diverse individuals that exhibit variation in their demographic parameters and intra- and inter-specific interactions. Recent experimental work indicates that such variation can have significant ecological effects. However, ecological models typically disregard this variation and focus instead on trait means and total population density. Under what situations is this simplification appropriate? Why might intraspecific variation alter ecological dynamics? In this review we synthesize recent theory and identify six general mechanisms by which trait variation changes the outcome of ecological interactions. These mechanisms include several direct effects of trait variation per se and indirect effects arising from the role of genetic variation in trait evolution.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ni
                Neotropical Ichthyology
                Neotrop. ichthyol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia (Maringá, PR, Brazil )
                1679-6225
                1982-0224
                2020
                : 18
                : 4
                : e200078
                Affiliations
                [1] Passos Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade do Estado de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Unidade Passos Brazil nbenone@ 123456gmail.com
                [3] Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Laboratório de Limnologia Brazil soares.e.bruno@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Belém Pará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Pará orgdiv1Instituto de Ciências Biológicas orgdiv2Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Brazil lobatocmc@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1679-62252020000400206 S1679-6225(20)01800400206
                10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0078
                0c891f75-bdc7-44df-af63-0b8e7248c750

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 November 2020
                : 08 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                Feeding,Floodplain,Hydrological period,Riparian vegetation,Stream order,Alimentação,Ordem dos riachos,Período hidrológico,Planície de inundação,Vegetação ripária

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