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      X-ray computed tomography in life sciences

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          Abstract

          Recent developments within micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging have combined to extend our capacity to image tissue in three (3D) and four (4D) dimensions at micron and sub-micron spatial resolutions, opening the way for virtual histology, live cell imaging, subcellular imaging and correlative microscopy. Pivotal to this has been the development of methods to extend the contrast achievable for soft tissue. Herein, we review the new capabilities within the field of life sciences imaging, and consider how future developments in this field could further benefit the life sciences community.

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          Gold nanoparticles in biology: beyond toxicity to cellular imaging.

          Catherine J Murphy, Anand M. Gole, John W Stone … (2008)
          Gold, enigmatically represented by the target-like design of its ancient alchemical symbol, has been considered a mystical material of great value for centuries. Nanoscale particles of gold now command a great deal of attention for biomedical applications. Depending on their size, shape, degree of aggregation, and local environment, gold nanoparticles can appear red, blue, or other colors. These visible colors reflect the underlying coherent oscillations of conduction-band electrons ("plasmons") upon irradiation with light of appropriate wavelengths. These plasmons underlie the intense absorption and elastic scattering of light, which in turn forms the basis for many biological sensing and imaging applications of gold nanoparticles. The brilliant elastic light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles are sufficient to detect individual nanoparticles in a visible light microscope with approximately 10(2) nm spatial resolution. Despite the great excitement about the potential uses of gold nanoparticles for medical diagnostics, as tracers, and for other biological applications, researchers are increasingly aware that potential nanoparticle toxicity must be investigated before any in vivo applications of gold nanoparticles can move forward. In this Account, we illustrate the importance of surface chemistry and cell type for interpretation of nanoparticle cytotoxicity studies. We also describe a relatively unusual live cell application with gold nanorods. The light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles, as imaged in dark-field optical microscopy, can be used to infer their positions in a living cell construct. Using this positional information, we can quantitatively measure the deformational mechanical fields associated with living cells as they push and pull on their local environment. The local mechanical environment experienced by cells is part of a complex feedback loop that influences cell metabolism, gene expression, and migration.
          Article 0 comments Cited 321 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Medical Image Analysis using Convolutional Neural Networks: A Review

            Syed Anwar, Muhammad Majid, Adnan Qayyum … (2018)
            Article 0 comments Cited 275 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Quantitative X-ray tomography

              P. J. Withers, E. Maire (2013)
              Article 0 comments Cited 180 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Sarah H. Cartmell: sarah.cartmell@manchester.ac.uk
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Biol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Biol
                Title: BMC Biology
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1741-7007
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 February 2020
                Publication date PMC-release: 27 February 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 18
                Electronic Location Identifier: 21
                Affiliations
                ISNI 0000000121662407, GRID grid.5379.8, The Henry Royce Institute and School of Materials, , The University of Manchester, ; Manchester, M13 9PL UK
                Article
                Publisher ID: 753
                DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-0753-2
                PMC ID: 7045626
                PubMed ID: 32103752
                SO-VID: 0c8d2e5d-cbc2-4a4a-bf6d-796bd70309d5
                Copyright © © The Author(s). 2020
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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                Subject: Review
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                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2020

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: x-ray computed tomography,correlative microscopy,phase contrast,lightsheet,time-lapse tomography,3d imaging,3d histology,elemental mapping,quantitative tomography,water window
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: x-ray computed tomography, correlative microscopy, phase contrast, lightsheet, time-lapse tomography, 3d imaging, 3d histology, elemental mapping, quantitative tomography, water window

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