For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
37
views
17
references
 Top references
cited by
7
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      303
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Risk factors for HIV and syphilis infection among male sex workers who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in Hangzhou, China, 2011

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Objective

          To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of HIV and syphilis infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in male sex workers (MSW).

          Design

          Cross-sectional survey.

          Setting

          Hangzhou, China.

          Participants

          259 MSW in MSM were recruited by respondent-driven sampling from May 2011 to December 2011.The inclusion criteria were: (1) age ≥18 years; (2) engaging in sex with men in the previous year and (3) willing to cooperate in the implementation of the study.

          Outcome measures

          HIV-related knowledge, high-risk behaviour and condom use.

          Results

          Among these MSW in MSM, 23.2% were infected with HIV and/or syphilis, 8.9% were infected only with HIV, 12.7% only with syphilis and 1.5% with HIV/syphilis co-infection; 96.6% sold sex to males, 8.9% bought sex from males and 15.4% sold sex to females; 49.0% had non-commercial sex behaviours with males and 24.3% with females. The rate of condom use while having commercial sex with clients was 86.9% and 53.3% (selling anal and oral sex to males, respectively), 95.5% (buying sex from males) and 77.5% (selling sex to females), respectively. Regarding their non-commercial sex behaviour, the rate of condom use was 77.2% (with males) and 49.2% (with females), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age >30 years (OR 1.055; 95% CIs 1.015 to 1.095) and having ≥10 non-commercial male sex partners (OR, 1.573; 95% CI 1.018 to 2.452) were significantly associated with HIV/syphilis infection, while heterosexuality (OR, 0.238; 95% CI 0.066 to 0.855) was significantly associated with a low HIV/syphilis infection rate.

          Conclusions

          The MSW in MSM population in Hangzhou has a high prevalence of HIV/syphilis infection, poor perceived risks of HIV and more engagement in unsafe sex with its clients and partners, in addition to a low rate of condom use. These risk factors may account for their relatively high infection rate of HIV/syphilis.

          Related collections

          Most cited references17

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          HIV prevalence in China: integration of surveillance data and a systematic review.

          Lei Zhang, Eric Chow, Jun Jing … (2013)
          Asian HIV epidemics are concentrated among particular behavioural groups, but large variations exist in epidemic types, timing, and geographical spread between countries and within countries, especially in China. We aimed to understand the complexity of HIV epidemics in China by systematically analysing prevalence trends by data source, region, population group, and time period. We collected HIV prevalence data from official national sentinel surveillance sites at the provincial level from Jan 1, 1995, to Dec 31, 2010. We also searched PubMed, VIP Chinese Journal Database (VIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data from Jan 1, 1990, to Dec 31, 2012, for independent studies of HIV prevalence. We integrated both sets of data, and used an intraclass correlation coefficient test to assess the similarity of geographical pattern of HIV disease burden across 31 Chinese provinces in 2010. We investigated prevalence trends (and 95% CIs) to infer corresponding incidence by region, population group, and year. Of 6850 articles identified by the search strategy, 821 studies (384,583 drug users, 52,356 injecting drug users, 186,288 female sex workers, and 87,834 men who have sex with men) met the inclusion criteria. Official surveillance data and findings from independent studies showed a very similar geographical distribution and magnitude of HIV epidemics across China. We noted that HIV epidemics among injecting drug users are decreasing in all regions outside southwest China and have stabilised at a high level in northwest China. Compared with injecting drug users, HIV prevalence in female sex workers is much lower and has stabilised at low levels in all regions except in the southwest. In 2010, national HIV prevalence was 9·08% (95% CI 8·04-10·52) in injecting drug users and 0·36% (0·12-0·71) in female sex workers, whereas incidence in both populations stabilised at rates of 0·57 (0·43-0·72) and 0·02 (0·01-0·04) per 100 person-years, respectively. By comparison, HIV prevalence in men who have sex with men increased from 1·77% (1·26-2·57) in 2000, to 5·98% (4·43-8·18) in 2010, with a national incidence of 0·98 (0·70-1·25) per 100 person-years in 2010. We recorded strong associations between HIV prevalence among at-risk populations in each province, supporting the existence of overlap in risk behaviours and mixing among these populations. HIV epidemics in China remain concentrated in injecting drug users, female sex workers, and men who have sex with men. HIV prevalence is especially high in southwest China. Sex between men has clearly become the main route of HIV transmission. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 131 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            The global epidemic of HIV infection among men who have sex with men.

            Frits van Griensven, Jan de Lind van Wijngaarden, Stefan Baral … (2009)
            In the last few years, there have been reports of new, newly identified and resurging epidemics of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). This article reviews and summarizes the global epidemic of HIV infection among MSM. In the Western world, the increase in notifications of new HIV infections among MSM is continuing. Steep increases in reports of new HIV diagnoses among MSM were also seen in the developed economies of East Asia. In the developing world, epidemiologic studies have now established the presence of MSM populations in Africa, China and Russia and a high HIV prevalence among them. High and increasing HIV prevalence was also reported from South and Southeast Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. HIV continues to spread among MSM on a global level. Current prevention efforts have been unable to contain or reduce HIV transmission in this population. Additional behavioral and biomedical interventions are urgently needed.
            Article 0 comments Cited 82 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              The expanding epidemics of HIV type 1 among men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income countries: diversity and consistency.

              Chris Beyrer, Stefan Baral, Damian Walker … (2010)
              Men who have sex with men (MSM) have borne a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and remain a markedly underresourced population globally. To better describe HIV epidemics among MSM in low- and middle-income countries, the authors conducted a systematic review of published and unpublished literature available after January 1, 2000 (2000-2009). A total of 133 HIV prevalence studies from 50 countries met the search criteria. Data were used to develop an algorithmic approach to categorize these epidemics. The authors found that the HIV epidemic in low- and middle-income countries may be described using the following 4 scenarios: 1) settings where MSM are the predominant contributor to HIV cases; 2) settings where HIV transmission among MSM occurs in the context of epidemics driven by injection drug users; 3) settings where HIV transmission among MSM occurs in the context of well-established HIV transmission among heterosexuals; and 4) settings where both sexual and parenteral modes contribute significantly to HIV transmission. The authors focused on Peru, Ukraine, Kenya, and Thailand to describe the diversity across and similarities between proposed epidemic scenarios. This scenario-based categorization of HIV epidemics among MSM may assist public health agencies and civil societies to develop and implement better-targeted HIV prevention programs and interventions.
              Article 0 comments Cited 73 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMJ Open
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMJ Open
                Journal ID (hwp): bmjopen
                Journal ID (publisher-id): bmjopen
                Title: BMJ Open
                Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2044-6055
                Publication date Collection: 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 April 2015
                Volume: 5
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: e006791
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of AIDS Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Hangzhou, China
                [2 ]Department of Prevention Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University , GuangzhouChina
                [3 ]Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science , Guangzhou, China
                [4 ]School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China
                Author notes
                [Correspondence to ] Professor Chunyan Zhu; zchyan@ 123456163.com

                YL, SC and QG contributed equally.

                Article
                Publisher ID: bmjopen-2014-006791
                DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006791
                PMC ID: 4420951
                PubMed ID: 25922096
                SO-VID: 0c94b341-c2d9-4447-9a11-281a3a71f809
                Copyright © Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 6 October 2014
                Date revision received : 3 February 2015
                Date accepted : 27 March 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Infectious Diseases
                Subject: Research
                Subject: 1506
                Subject: 1706
                Subject: 1692

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: epidemiology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: epidemiology

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content303

                See all similar

                Cited by7

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors360

                See all reference authors