Germination and colonization success of Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae) cysts after dispersal to new habitats

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Abstract

Colonization of new habitats through dispersal of phytoplankton cysts might be limited, if resident populations outcompete invaders during germination. We reciprocally transferred Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae) cysts from three lakes into native and foreign waters originating from the respective habitats. Germination rate and germling growth were impacted by water origin, but there was no preference for native water. Gonyostomum semen's ability to germinate in different conditions might explain its expansion in northern Europe.

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Genetic diversity within and genetic differentiation between blooms of a microalgal species

Karen Lebret, Emma S. Kritzberg, Rosa Figueroa … (2012)

The field of genetic diversity in protists, particularly phytoplankton, is under expansion. However, little is known regarding variation in genetic diversity within populations over time. The aim of our study was to investigate intrapopulation genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in the freshwater bloom-forming microalga Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae). The study covered a 2-year period including all phases of the bloom. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to determine the genetic structure and diversity of the population. Our results showed a significant differentiation between samples collected during the two blooms from consecutive years. Also, an increase of gene diversity and a loss of differentiation among sampling dates were observed over time within a single bloom. The latter observations may reflect the continuous germination of cysts from the sediment. The life cycle characteristics of G. semen, particularly reproduction and recruitment, most likely explain a high proportion of the observed variation. This study highlights the importance of the life cycle for the intraspecific genetic diversity of microbial species, which alternates between sexual and asexual reproduction.

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Priority effects in experimental populations of the cyanobacterium Microcystis.

L Meester, Wim Vyverman, Ineke van der Wulp … (2009)

The arrival order of colonists in developing populations can have a lasting influence on community and population structure, a phenomenon referred to as priority effects. To explore whether such priority effects are important in determining strain composition of populations of the cyanobacterium Microcystis, four Microcystis strains, isolated from a single lake and differing in functional traits, were grown during 4 weeks in the laboratory in all possible pairwise combinations, with the two strains either inoculated at the same time or with a time lag of 1 week, in the presence or absence of grazing Daphnia magna. The relative abundance of strains in the mixtures was assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and the growth rate of each strain in the mixtures was determined for the last 2 weeks of the experiment. We observed strong effects of inoculation order on the final population structure, and these effects were influenced by grazing Daphnia. The priority effects were strain-specific and occurred in two directions: some of the strains grew slower while others grew faster when inoculated second compared with when inoculated first. Our results indicate that priority effects may have a profound impact on strain composition of Microcystis populations.

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Population Genetic Structure of a Microalgal Species under Expansion

Karen Lebret, Emma S. Kritzberg, Karin Rengefors (2013)

Biological invasions often cause major perturbations in the environment and are well studied among macroorganisms. Less is known about invasion by free-living microbes. Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae) is a freshwater phytoplankton species that has increased in abundance in Northern Europe since the 1980's and has expanded its habitat range. In this study, we aimed to determine the genetic population structure of G. semen in Northern Europe and to what extent it reflects the species' recent expansion. We sampled lakes from 12 locations (11 lakes) in Norway, Sweden and Finland. Multiple strains from each location were genotyped using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP). We found low differentiation between locations, and low gene diversity within each location. Moreover, there was an absence of genetic isolation with distance (Mantel test, p = 0.50). According to a Bayesian clustering method all the isolates belonged to the same genetic population. Together our data suggest the presence of one metapopulation and an overall low diversity, which is coherent with a recent expansion of G. semen.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Plankton Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Plankton Res

Journal ID (publisher-id): plankt

Journal ID (hwp): plankt

Title: Journal of Plankton Research

Publisher: Oxford University Press

ISSN (Print): 0142-7873

ISSN (Electronic): 1464-3774

Publication date (Print): September 2015

Publication date (Electronic): 19 August 2015

Publication date PMC-release: 19 August 2015

Volume: 37

Issue: 5

Pages: 857-861

Affiliations

[1 ]Aquatic Ecology, Lund University , Sölvegatan 37, 22362 Lund, Sweden

[2 ]Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg , Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden

Author notes

[* ] corresponding author: ingrid.sassenhagen@ 123456biol.lu.se

Corresponding editor: Pia Moisander

Article

Publisher ID: fbv067

DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbv067

PMC ID: 4576989

SO-VID: 0c9c2215-d191-49b3-89ef-34cd866cd813

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 20 March 2015

Date accepted : 26 July 2015

Funding

Funded by: Swedish Research Council FORMAS

Award ID: 215-2010-751

Custom metadata

cover-date September/October 2015

ScienceOpen disciplines: Plant science & Botany

Keywords: cyst germination,gonyostomum semen,invasion,life cycle,local adaptation,microalgae

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Plant science & Botany

Keywords: cyst germination, gonyostomum semen, invasion, life cycle, local adaptation, microalgae

Germination and colonization success of Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae) cysts after dispersal to new habitats

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Abstract

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Plant MYBs

Most cited references 3

Genetic diversity within and genetic differentiation between blooms of a microalgal species

Priority effects in experimental populations of the cyanobacterium Microcystis.

Population Genetic Structure of a Microalgal Species under Expansion

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