Three New Cycloartenol Triterpenoid Saponins from the Roots of  Cimicifuga simplex  Wormsk

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Abstract

Three new cycloartenol triterpene saponins, named shengmaxinsides A-C, have been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of an ethanol extract of Cimicifuga simplex Wormsk roots. Their structures were established by chemical tests and detailed spectroscopic analysis as 25- O-acetyl-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3- O-β- D-galactopyranoside ( 1), 7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3- O-β- D-galactopyranoside ( 2) and 7,8-didehydro-24 S- O-acetylhydroshengmanol-3- O-β- D-galactopyranoside ( 3), respectively.

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In vitro inhibition of coronavirus replications by the traditionally used medicinal herbal extracts, Cimicifuga rhizoma, Meliae cortex, Coptidis rhizoma, and Phellodendron cortex

Hye-Young Hong Kim, Hyun-Soo Shin, Hyun Ha Park … (2007)

Background A search for new anti-coronaviral drugs to treat coronaviral infections was motivated by an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Objectives In order to find drugs that treat coronavirus infections, including SARS, we screened traditional medicinal herbal extracts and evaluated their antiviral activities on coronavirus replication. Study design We employed a plaque assay to evaluate the effect of 22 medicinal herbal extracts on virus replication. We determined the 50% effective concentration (EC50) of each extract that was necessary to inhibit the replication of mouse hepatitis virus A59 (MHV-A59); we also determined 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) for each extract. Northern and Western blot analyzes were performed to investigate antiviral activity in MHV-infected DBT cells, including virus entry, viral RNA and protein expression, and virus release. Coronavirus specific inhibition was also demonstrated using porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Results Cimicifuga rhizoma, Meliae cortex, Coptidis rhizoma, Phellodendron cortex and Sophora subprostrata radix decreased the MHV production and the intracellular viral RNA and protein expression with EC50 values ranging from 2.0 to 27.5 μg/ml. These extracts also significantly decreased PEDV production and less dramatically decreased vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) production in vitro. Conclusions The extracts selected strongly inhibited MHV replication and could be potential candidates for new anti-coronavirus drugs.

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Inhibitory effect of ferulic acid and isoferulic acid on murine interleukin-8 production in response to influenza virus infections in vitro and in vivo.

T Hirabayashi, H Ochiai, S. Sakai … (1995)

We investigated the effect of ferulic acid (FA) and isoferulic acid (IFA), which are active components of the rhizoma of Cimicifuga species used frequently as anti-inflammatory drugs in Japanese Oriental medicines, on murine interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in response to influenza virus infections in vitro and in vivo by antibody-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the in vitro study, the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was infected with influenza virus at a dose of 10 plaque forming units (PFU)/cell and cultured in the presence or absence of drugs. Both FA and IFA reduced the IL-8 levels in the 20-h conditioned medium in comparison with control in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of IFA was greater than that of FA: IL-8 levels were reduced to 43% and 56% of the control in the presence of 100 micrograms/ml of IFA and FA, respectively. In the in vivo study, mice were infected with 1,000 PFU of virus and received daily oral administrations of Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract (5 mg/mouse/day), FA (0.5 mg/mouse/day), IFA (0.125 mg/mouse/day), or phosphate buffered saline. The three drugs showed a tendency to reduce IL-8 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained 2 days after infection. Moreover, both FA and IFA also significantly reduced the number of exuded neutrophils into BAL. However, the drug administrations did not affect the virus yields in BAL. These data suggest that FA and IFA are novel and potent inhibitors of murine IL-8 production and might act as one of the main components of anti-inflammatory rhizoma of Cimicifuga species.

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Cimicifugae rhizoma: from origins, bioactive constituents to clinical outcomes.

Jian Li, Zhi-yong Yu (2006)

Cimicifugae Rhizoma, mainly originated from C. acerina, C. dahurica, C. foetida, C. heracleifolia, C. racemosa and C. simplex, has long been used in traditional medicine system. During the past 45 years, a lot of efforts have been dedicated to the studies on their bioactive constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical uses, and a variety of biological activities including relief of hot flash, anti-osteoporosis, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), antiinflammatory, antidiabetes, antimalaria and vasoactive property have been discovered. Although C. racemosa is widely applied to relieve menopause symptoms in clinic for its hormonal-like action, meaningfully, no estrogenic effect was confirmed up to date. The purpose of this paper is to systematically highlight these achievements and the further therapeutic potential. The origins and distributions of the rhizome are simply listed and phytochemical aspects including over 200 compounds mainly belonging to cycloartane-type triterpenoids have been summarized. The pharmacological characterizations, especially, as a clinically effective phytomedicine, the effects of the rhizoma on menopause symptoms and the clinical applications including possible mechanism have been reviewed in detail. Various in vivo, in vitro studies on the anti-bone resorption effects of the triterpenoids, together with structure-activity relationships are also incorporated to explore the therapeutic potential on osteoporosis, a major public health threat for postmenopausal women.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules

Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules

Title: Molecules

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049

Publication date (Electronic): 25 May 2011

Publication date Collection: June 2011

Volume: 16

Issue: 6

Pages: 4348-4357

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Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China

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[* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Email: hxkuang@ 123456hotmail.com ; Tel.: +86-451-82193001; Fax: +86-451-82110803.

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Publisher ID: molecules-16-04348

DOI: 10.3390/molecules16064348

PMC ID: 6264577

PubMed ID: 21613976

SO-VID: 0cabddcf-a78d-4677-853a-017c7a21c10d

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licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

Three New Cycloartenol Triterpenoid Saponins from the Roots of Cimicifuga simplex Wormsk

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MDPI: Coronavirus

Most cited references 27

In vitro inhibition of coronavirus replications by the traditionally used medicinal herbal extracts, Cimicifuga rhizoma, Meliae cortex, Coptidis rhizoma, and Phellodendron cortex

Inhibitory effect of ferulic acid and isoferulic acid on murine interleukin-8 production in response to influenza virus infections in vitro and in vivo.

Cimicifugae rhizoma: from origins, bioactive constituents to clinical outcomes.

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