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      Anemia hemolítica paraneoplasica asociada a cáncer de próstata. A propósito de un caso Translated title: Paraneoplastic hemolytic anemia associated with prostate cancer. A case report

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          Resumen

          Los síndromes paraneoplásicos son un conjunto de síntomas asociados a los tumores, no atribuibles al efecto directo del tumor o de sus metástasis. Estos síntomas pueden ser secundarios a sustancias secretadas por el tumor, o a la producción de anticuerpos contra tejido tumoral que presenta reacción cruzada con tejidos normales. Dentro de los síndromes paraneoplásicos hematológicos, las anemias hemolíticas son poco frecuentes, especialmente en tumores sólidos.

          Presentamos el caso de un paciente con tumores localizados de vejiga (carcinoma papilar infiltrante de alto grado pT1) y próstata (Gleason 7) que durante el tratamiento radioterápico de este último desarrolló una anemia hemolítica autoinmune por anticuerpos calientes, que se resolvió con tratamiento con prednisona (1 mg/Kg/día en pauta descendente). Este sería la primera descripción en la literatura de anemia hemolítica autoinmune como síndrome paraneoplásico en un estadio tan precoz de la enfermedad tumoral.

          Abstract

          Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of tumor-related symptoms not directly attributable to tumors or metastasis. Symptoms are caused by secretion of substances by the tumor or the production of antibodies from immune cross-reactivity between tumor and normal tissues. Among hematological paraneoplastic syndromes, cancer-associated hemolytic anemias associated are rare, particularly in solid tumors.

          We present the case of a patient with localized bladder (high-grade infiltrating papillary carcinoma pT1) and prostate (Gleason 7) cancer who developed warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia during radiation therapy for prostate cancer. It was resolved with prednisone (1 mg/Kg/day, tapering schedule). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time an autoimmune hemolytic anemia is described in the literature as a paraneoplastic syndrome in such early stages of tumor disease.

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          Most cited references20

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          Thrombotic microangiopathies.

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            The European Cancer Anaemia Survey (ECAS): a large, multinational, prospective survey defining the prevalence, incidence, and treatment of anaemia in cancer patients.

            The European Cancer Anaemia Survey (ECAS) was conducted to prospectively evaluate the prevalence, incidence and treatment of anaemia (haemoglobin <12.0 g/dL) in European cancer patients, including the relationship of mild, moderate and severe anaemia to performance status. Patients were evaluated for up to 6 months. Data (N=15367) included demographics, tumour type, performance status, haemoglobin levels, cancer treatments and anaemia treatments. Prevalence of anaemia at enrollment was 39.3% (haemoglobin <10.0 g/dL, 10%), and 67.0% during the survey (haemoglobin <10.0 g/dL, 39.3%). Low haemoglobin levels correlated significantly with poor performance status. Incidence of anaemia was 53.7% (haemoglobin <10.0 g/dL, 15.2%). Anaemia was treated in 38.9% of patients (epoetin, 17.4%; transfusion, 14.9%; and iron, 6.5%). Mean haemoglobin to initiate anaemia treatment was 9.7 g/dL. Anaemia prevalence and incidence in cancer patients are high. Anaemia significantly correlates with poor performance status and many anaemic patients are not treated.
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              Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                assn
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud
                1137-6627
                2340-3527
                07 December 2022
                Sep-Dec 2022
                : 45
                : 3
                : e1023
                Affiliations
                [1 ] original Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica. Hospital Universitario de Navarra. Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea. Pamplona. España. normalizedServicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea orgdiv2Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica orgdiv1Hospital Universitario de Navarra orgnameServicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea Pamplona, Spain
                [2 ] original Servicio de Hematología. Hospital Universitario de Navarra. Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea. Pamplona. España. normalizedServicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea orgdiv2Servicio de Hematología orgdiv1Hospital Universitario de Navarra orgnameServicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea Pamplona, Spain
                [3 ] original Servicio de Oncología Médica. Hospital Universitario de Navarra. Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea. Pamplona. España. normalizedServicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea orgdiv2Servicio de Oncología Médica orgdiv1Hospital Universitario de Navarra orgnameServicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea Pamplona, Spain
                Author notes
                [Correspondencia ] Fernando Arias de la Vega. E-mail: fariasde@ 123456cfnavarra.es

                Conflictos de intereses: Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de intereses.

                Financiación: Los autores declaran no haber recibido financiación externa para la realización de este estudio.

                Contribución de autores: Todos los autores han contribuido por igual a la conceptualización, investigación, validación, visualización, redacción del borrador original, y revisión del documento final.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-9356
                Article
                10.23938/ASSN.1023
                10065033
                36477085
                0cad2d48-03a8-444e-9b59-6b3d2fb12338

                Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 17 August 2022
                : 28 September 2022
                : 26 October 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 0
                Categories
                Notas Clínicas

                cáncer de próstata,paraneoplasia,anemia,autoinmune,hemólisis,prostate cancer,paraneoplastic,autoimmune,hemolysis

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