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      Aphid parasitoids in biological control

      , ,
      Canadian Journal of Plant Science
      Agricultural Institute of Canada

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          Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture.

          Many agroecosystems are unfavorable environments for natural enemies due to high levels of disturbance. Habitat management, a form of conservation biological control, is an ecologically based approach aimed at favoring natural enemies and enhancing biological control in agricultural systems. The goal of habitat management is to create a suitable ecological infrastructure within the agricultural landscape to provide resources such as food for adult natural enemies, alternative prey or hosts, and shelter from adverse conditions. These resources must be integrated into the landscape in a way that is spatially and temporally favorable to natural enemies and practical for producers to implement. The rapidly expanding literature on habitat management is reviewed with attention to practices for favoring predators and parasitoids, implementation of habitat management, and the contributions of modeling and ecological theory to this developing area of conservation biological control. The potential to integrate the goals of habitat management for natural enemies and nature conservation is discussed.
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            Interactions Between Fungal Pathogens and Insect Hosts

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              Assessing risks of releasing exotic biological control agents of arthropod pests.

              More than 5000 introductions of about 2000 species of exotic arthropod agents for control of arthropod pests in 196 countries or islands during the past 120 years rarely have resulted in negative environmental effects. Yet, risks of environmental effects caused by releases of exotics are of growing concern. Twenty countries have implemented regulations for release of biological control agents. Soon, the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM3) will become the standard for all biological control introductions worldwide, but this standard does not provide methods by which to assess environmental risks. This review summarizes documented nontarget effects and discusses the development and application of comprehensive and quick-scan environmental risk assessment methods.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Canadian Journal of Plant Science
                Can. J. Plant Sci.
                Agricultural Institute of Canada
                0008-4220
                1918-1833
                January 2012
                January 2012
                : 92
                : 1
                : 1-12
                Article
                10.4141/cjps2011-045
                0cfe49b0-cd63-46ec-95ab-6ca33a812a46
                © 2012
                History

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