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      Systemic corticosteroid regimens for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

      Author(s): 1 , 1 , 2 , 1
      Editor(s): Cochrane Neonatal Group
      Publication date Created:
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
      Publisher: Wiley

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          Abstract

          Cochrane systematic reviews show that systemic postnatal corticosteroids reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. However, corticosteroids have also been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. It is unknown whether these beneficial and adverse effects are modulated by differences in corticosteroid treatment regimens.

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          Is Open Access

          Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample

          Stela Pudar Hozo, Benjamin Djulbegovic, Iztok Hozo (2005)
          Background Usually the researchers performing meta-analysis of continuous outcomes from clinical trials need their mean value and the variance (or standard deviation) in order to pool data. However, sometimes the published reports of clinical trials only report the median, range and the size of the trial. Methods In this article we use simple and elementary inequalities and approximations in order to estimate the mean and the variance for such trials. Our estimation is distribution-free, i.e., it makes no assumption on the distribution of the underlying data. Results We found two simple formulas that estimate the mean using the values of the median (m), low and high end of the range (a and b, respectively), and n (the sample size). Using simulations, we show that median can be used to estimate mean when the sample size is larger than 25. For smaller samples our new formula, devised in this paper, should be used. We also estimated the variance of an unknown sample using the median, low and high end of the range, and the sample size. Our estimate is performing as the best estimate in our simulations for very small samples (n ≤ 15). For moderately sized samples (15 70), the formula range/6 gives the best estimator for the standard deviation (variance). We also include an illustrative example of the potential value of our method using reports from the Cochrane review on the role of erythropoietin in anemia due to malignancy. Conclusion Using these formulas, we hope to help meta-analysts use clinical trials in their analysis even when not all of the information is available and/or reported.
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            Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

            A H Jobe, E. Bancalari (2001)
            Article 0 comments Cited 641 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network.

              B. Stoll, N Hansen, E. Bell … (2010)
              This report presents data from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network on care of and morbidity and mortality rates for very low birth weight infants, according to gestational age (GA). Perinatal/neonatal data were collected for 9575 infants of extremely low GA (22-28 weeks) and very low birth weight (401-1500 g) who were born at network centers between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2007. Rates of survival to discharge increased with increasing GA (6% at 22 weeks and 92% at 28 weeks); 1060 infants died at or=24 weeks survive, high rates of morbidity among survivors continue to be observed.
              Article 0 comments Cited 333 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 146518
                Title: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
                Publisher: Wiley
                ISSN (Electronic): 14651858
                Publication date Created: January 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): January 31 2017
                Volume: 2017
                Issue: 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Emma Children's Hospital AMC, University of Amsterdam; Department of Neonatology; Meibergdreef 9 Amsterdam Netherlands 1105 AZ
                [2 ]Hospital for Sick Children; Child Health Evaluative Sciences; 555 University Avenue Toronto ON Canada M5G 1X8
                Article
                DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010941.pub2
                PMC ID: 6464844
                PubMed ID: 28141913
                SO-VID: 0d240920-4cdc-4d4d-9c98-2941bdeb0202
                Copyright © © 2017
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