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      Identification of two novel adenoviruses in smooth-billed ani and tropical screech owl

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          Abstract

          Avian adenoviruses (AdVs) are a very diverse group of pathogens causing diseases in poultry and wild birds. Wild birds, endangered by habitat loss and habitat fragmentation in the tropical forests, are recognised to play a role in the transmission of various AdVs. In this study, two novel, hitherto unknown AdVs were described from faecal samples of smooth-billed ani and tropical screech owl. The former was classified into genus Aviadenovirus, the latter into genus Atadenovirus, and both viruses most probably represent new AdV species as well. These results show that there is very limited information about the biodiversity of AdVs in tropical wild birds, though viruses might have a major effect on the population of their hosts or endanger even domesticated animals. Surveys like this provide new insights into the diversity, evolution, host variety, and distribution of avian AdVs.

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          Most cited references30

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          Fowl adenovirus-induced diseases and strategies for their control – a review on the current global situation

          The stand-alone pathogenicity of fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) had long been disputed, given the ubiquity of the viruses versus sporadic outbreaks, and variation between experimental studies. However, a globally emerging trend of FAdV-associated diseases has marked the past two decades, with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome mainly in Asia besides Arabian and Latin American countries, and geographically more disseminated outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis. Finally, the appearance of FAdV-induced gizzard erosion (AGE) in Asia and Europe completed the range of diseases. Epidemiological studies confirmed serotype FAdV-4 as agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, whereas inclusion body hepatitis is related to FAdV-2, -8a, -8b and -11. Members of the biologically more distant serotype FAdV-1 induce AGE. Urged by increasing problems in the field, numerous pathogenicity studies with FAdVs from outbreaks substantiated the primary aetiologic role of particular strains for distinct clinical conditions. Developments in the poultry industry towards highly specialized genetic breeds and rigorous biosecurity additionally contribute to the growing incidence of FAdV-related diseases. Confirming field observations, recent studies connected a higher susceptibility of broilers with their distinct physiology, implying the choice of bird type as a factor to be considered in infection studies. Furthermore, elevated biosecurity standards have generated immunologically naïve breeding stocks, putting broilers at risk in face of vertical FAdV transmission. Therefore, future prevention strategies should include adequate antibodies in breeders prior to production and - if necessary - vaccination, in order to protect progenies. This review aims to deliver a detailed overview on the current global situation about FAdV-induced diseases, their reproduction in vivo and vaccination strategies.
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            The Ecological Road-Effect Zone of a Massachusetts (U.S.A.) Suburban Highway

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              Spatial wildlife-vehicle collision models: a review of current work and its application to transportation mitigation projects.

              In addition to posing a serious risk to motorist safety, vehicle collisions with wildlife are a significant threat for many species. Previous spatial modeling has concluded that wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) exhibit clustering on roads, which is attributed to specific landscape and road-related factors. We reviewed twenty-four published manuscripts that used generalized linear models to statistically determine the influence that numerous explanatory predictors have on the location of WVCs. Our motivation was to summarize empirical WVC findings to facilitate application of this knowledge to planning, and design of mitigation strategies on roads. In addition, commonalities between studies were discussed and recommendations for future model design were made. We summarized the type and measurement of each significant predictor and whether they potentially increased or decreased the occurrence of collisions with ungulates, carnivores, small-medium vertebrates, birds, and amphibians and reptiles. WVCs commonly occurred when roads bisect favorable cover, foraging, or breeding habitat for specific species or groups of species. WVCs were generally highest on road sections with high traffic volumes, or low motorist visibility, and when roads cut through drainage movement corridors, or level terrain. Ungulates, birds, small-medium vertebrates, and carnivore collision locations were associated with road-side vegetation and other features such as salt pools. In several cases, results were spurious due to confounding and interacting predictors within the same model. For example, WVCs were less likely to occur when a road bisected steep slopes; however, steep slopes may be located along specific road-types and habitat that also influence the occurrence of WVCs. In conclusion, this review showed that much of the current literature has gleaned the obvious, broad-scale relationships between WVCs and predictors from available data sets, and localized studies can provide unique and novel results. Future research requires specific modeling for each target species on a road-by-road basis, and measuring the predictive power of model results within similar landscapes. In addition, research that builds on the current literature by investigating rare anomalies and interacting variables will assist in providing sound comprehensive guidelines for wildlife mitigation planning on roads. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Methodology
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: Supervision
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                28 February 2020
                2020
                : 15
                : 2
                : e0229415
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Laboratory of Wildlife Health, Department of Ecosystem Ecology, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
                [2 ] Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
                [3 ] Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brazil
                National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2933-9764
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8213-8238
                Article
                PONE-D-19-31175
                10.1371/journal.pone.0229415
                7048273
                32109945
                0d25c2b3-1de7-4806-8e53-ad9d7e4c7ce2
                © 2020 Jejesky de Oliveira et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 8 November 2019
                : 5 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 0, Pages: 8
                Funding
                Funded by: OMA Foundation
                Award ID: (101öu6, omaa.hu)
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006182, Fundação Estadual de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Espírito Santo;
                Award ID: 438/2016
                Award Recipient :
                The research of APJO is supported by the Espírito Santo Research and Innovation Support Foundation (438/2016, fapes.es.gov.br) and University of Vila Velha (201672442, www.uvv.br). GLK is supported by the OMA Foundation (101öu6, omaa.hu), and he is also the recipient of the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences ( https://mta.hu/english). The research of MZV and BH is supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NN128309, nkfih.gov.hu/english-nkfih).
                Categories
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                Custom metadata
                Sequences were submitted to the NCBI GenBank under accession numbers MN540447 and MN540448.

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