Criticality features in ULF magnetic fields prior to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

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Abstract

The criticality of ULF (Ultra-low-frequency) magnetic variations is investigated for the 2011 March 11 Tohoku earthquake (EQ) by natural time analysis. For this attempt, some ULF parameters were considered: (1) F _h (horizontal magnetic field), (2) F _z (vertical magnetic field), and (3) D _h (inverse of horizontal magnetic field). The first two parameters refer to the ULF radiation, while the last parameter refers to another ULF effect of ionospheric signature. Nighttime (L.T. = 3 am ± 2 hours) data at Kakioka (KAK) were used, and the power of each quantity at a particular frequency band of 0.03–0.05 Hz was averaged for nighttime hours. The analysis results indicate that F _h fulfilled all criticality conditions on March 3–5, 2011, and that the additional parameter, D _h reached also a criticality on March 6 or 7. In conclusion, criticality has reached in the pre-EQ fracture region a few days to one week before the main shock of the Tohoku EQ.

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Natural time analysis of critical phenomena.

N Sarlis, Seiya Uyeda, E S Skordas … (2011)

A quantity exists by which one can identify the approach of a dynamical system to the state of criticality, which is hard to identify otherwise. This quantity is the variance κ(1)(≡ - (2)) of natural time χ, where = Σp(k)f(χ(k)) and p(k) is the normalized energy released during the kth event of which the natural time is defined as χ(k) = k/N and N stands for the total number of events. Then we show that κ(1) becomes equal to 0.070 at the critical state for a variety of dynamical systems. This holds for criticality models such as 2D Ising and the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile, which is the standard example of self-organized criticality. This condition of κ(1) = 0.070 holds for experimental results of critical phenomena such as growth of rice piles, seismic electric signals, and the subsequent seismicity before the associated main shock.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B, Phys. Biol. Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): PJAB

Title: Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences

Publisher: The Japan Academy (Tokyo, Japan )

ISSN (Print): 0386-2208

ISSN (Electronic): 1349-2896

Publication date (Print): 9 January 2015

Volume: 91

Issue: 1

Pages: 25-30

Affiliations

[*1 ]Hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics Co. Ltd., UEC (University of Electro-Communications) Incubation Center, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan.

[*2 ]UEC, Advanced Wireless Communications research Center, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan.

[*3 ]Earthquake Analysis Laboratory, Information Systems Inc., #305, Kita-aoyama 2-12-42, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

[*4 ]Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Bolshaya Gruzinskaya, 123995, Moscow, Russia.

[*5 ]Department of Electronics Engineering, Technological Education Institute (TEI) of Piraeus, 250 Thivon and P. Ralli, Aigalao, Athens GR-12244, Greece.

[*6 ]Department of Physics, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, Athens GR-15784, Greece.

Author notes

[† ]Correspondence should be addressed: M. Hayakawa, Hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics Co. Ltd., University of Electro-Communications, Incubation Center, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan (e-mail: hayakawa@ 123456hi-seismo-em.jp ).

(Communicated by Seiya UYEDA, M.J.A.)

Article

Publisher ID: pjab-91-025

DOI: 10.2183/pjab.91.25

PMC ID: 4405393

PubMed ID: 25743063

SO-VID: 0d27d7c2-e0cf-4611-99ba-57143035c827

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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Criticality features in ULF magnetic fields prior to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

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Natural time analysis of critical phenomena.

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