Intervention Effect of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Situ Squats Resistance Training Program on Middle-aged Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effective programs and intervention effect of aerobic exercise combined with situ squats in middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 56 middle-aged patients aged 45-59 years with type 2 diabetes were enrolled from the Hospital of Hubei University between March and September 2016. They were divided into the control group (20 cases, maintaining the original exercise habit), the aerobic exercise group (18 cases, aerobic exercise program) and the aerobic exercise combined with situ squats group (18 cases, aerobic exercise combined with situ squats resistance training program, and aerobic exercise plan was the same as the aerobic exercise group, situ squats resistance training scheme was determined by orthogonal tests) on the premise of gender, age, course of disease, BMI, medication and so on. Patients’ general information was collected, and situ squat number of different loads, heart rate, intermittent time, sports time, time-glucose area under the curve (GAUC) of different squat combinations were examined. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, C peptide and blood lipid were also determined before and after the intervention.

Results: The number of squats, heart rate of patients in medium load and higher load groups were significantly higher, and their interval time and exercise time were also significantly longer than those in low load group (P<0.05). The number of squats, heart rate in higher load group were significantly higher, and its interval time and exercise time were significantly longer than those in medium load group (P<0.05). GAUC of M-5-45″ (45 min after meal with medium load 5 groups) and L-5-60″ (60 min after meal with low load 5 groups) was less than that in the control group (sitting after meal), L-3-30″ (30 min after meal with low load 3 groups), M-3-45″ (45 min after meal with medium load 3 groups), H-3-60″ (60 min after meal with higher load 3 groups), L-4-45″ (45 min after meal with low load 4 groups), M-4-60″ (60 min after meal with medium load 4 groups), H-4-30″ (30 min after meal with higher load 4 groups) and H-5-30″ (30 min after meal with higher load 5 groups) (P < 0.05). To sum up, the training program of aerobic exercise with situ squats was determined as the following: the exercise intensity was 30% or 50% of the maximum number of situ squats, 5 groups; the exercise time was 20-30 min, and the interval time was 2-3 min; the exercise frequency was twice a week (Tuesday, Thursday) ; the starting time of exercise was 30 to 45 minutes before the peak of blood glucose. After the intervention, FPG of the aerobic exercise group and aerobic exercise combined with situ squats group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). FPG in the aerobic exercise group was significantly lower after intervention than before intervention (P<0.05). FPG and c-peptide in the aerobic exercise combined with situ squats group after intervention were significantly lower than those before intervention (P<0.05). After intervention, triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHO) in the aerobic exercise group and aerobic exercise combined with situ squats group were much lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the aerobic exercise combined with situ squats group was higher than that in the control group and the aerobic exercise group (P<0.05). TG and CHO in the aerobic exercise group after intervention were much lower than those before intervention (P<0.05). After intervention, TG and CHO in the aerobic exercise combined with situ squats group were lower than those before intervention, and HDL-C was higher than that before intervention (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Aerobic exercise combined with M-5-45”, L-5-60” situ squats in middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes can be used as effective therapy when combined with resistance training in terms of improving the patient’s FPG, blood lipid and enhancing the effect of islet cell function. Moreover its function in increasing HDL-C effect was much better than simple aerobic exercise.