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      Atractylodin Induces Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation and Promotes Gastric Emptying through Ghrelin Receptor

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          Abstract

          Atractylodin is one of the main constituents in the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea Thunb., being capable of treating cancer cachexia-anorexia and age-related diseases as an agonist of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). GHSR was herein expressed in human gastric smooth muscle cells (HGSMCs) and activated by ghrelin receptor agonist L-692,585. Like L-692,585, atractylodin also increased Ca 2+ and enhanced the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) through GHSR in HGSMCs. In addition, atractylodin promoted gastric emptying and MLC phosphorylation in the gastric antrum of mice also through GHSR. Collectively, atractylodin can activate GHSR in gastric smooth muscle, as a potential target in clinical practice.

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          Anamorelin in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and cachexia (ROMANA 1 and ROMANA 2): results from two randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trials.

          Jennifer Temel, Amy Abernethy, David Currow … (2016)
          Patients with advanced cancer frequently experience anorexia and cachexia, which are associated with reduced food intake, altered body composition, and decreased functionality. We assessed anamorelin, a novel ghrelin-receptor agonist, on cachexia in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and cachexia.
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            The effects of ghrelin on inflammation and the immune system.

            D Baatar, Dennis Taub, Kalpesh Patel (2011)
            A number of hormones and metabolic mediators signal the brain of changes in the body's energy status and when an imbalance occurs; the brain coordinates the appropriate changes in energy intake and utilization via the control of appetite and food consumption. Under conditions of chronic inflammation and immune activation, there is often a significant loss of body mass and appetite suggesting the presence of shared ligands and signaling pathways mediating "crosstalk" between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), is produced primarily by cells in the stomach and serves as a potent circulating orexigenic hormone controlling food intake, energy expenditure, adiposity and GH secretion. The functional roles of ghrelin and other growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) within the immune system and under states of inflammatory stress and injury are only now coming to light. A number of reports over the past decade have described ghrelin to be a potent anti-inflammatory mediator both in vitro and in vivo and a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and injury. Moreover, ghrelin has also been shown to promote lymphocyte development in the primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow and thymus) and to ablate age-associated thymic involution. In the current report, we review the literature supporting a role for ghrelin as an anti-inflammatory agent and immunoregulatory hormone/cytokine and its potential use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and injury. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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              The function of myosin and myosin light chain kinase phosphorylation in smooth muscle.

              Matthew Stull, Kristine Kamm (1984)
              Article 0 comments Cited 77 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ECAM
                Title: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 1741-427X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1741-4288
                Publication date (Print): 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 August 2017
                Volume: 2017
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2186798
                Affiliations
                1The First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Avenue 138, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
                2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Avenue 138, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
                3Medical Research Centre, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Avenue 138, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Yoshiyuki Kimura

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5265-504X
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2017/2186798
                PMC ID: 5572613
                SO-VID: 0d5a63fa-eff3-4aa8-b9ff-76446981f026
                Copyright © Copyright © 2017 Yu Bai et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 4 May 2017
                Date accepted : 21 June 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 81373608
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine

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