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      A 3D printable synthetic hydrogel as an immobilization matrix for continuous synthesis with fungal peroxygenases

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          Abstract

          Development of a novel immobilization strategy using synthetic 3D printable hydrogels for flow biocatalysis.

          Abstract

          Enzyme immobilization is the key to an intensified bioprocess that allows recycling of the heterogenized enzyme and/or continuous biocatalytic production. In this communication, we present a case study for enzyme immobilization in a novel, 3D printable synthetic hydrogel and its use in continuous oxidation reactions. Immobilization resulted in an average immobilization yield of 6.1% and continuous synthesis was run for 24 hours with a space–time yield of 3.1 × 10 −2 g L −1 h −1.

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          Most cited references26

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          Self-Healing Hydrogels

          Over the past few years, there has been a great deal of interest in the development of hydrogel materials with tunable structural, mechanical, and rheological properties, which exhibit rapid and autonomous self-healing and self-recovery for utilization in a broad range of applications, from soft robotics to tissue engineering. However, self-healing hydrogels generally either possess mechanically robust or rapid self-healing properties but not both. Hence, the development of a mechanically robust hydrogel material with autonomous self-healing on the time scale of seconds is yet to be fully realized. Here, the current advances in the development of autonomous self-healing hydrogels are reviewed. Specifically, methods to test self-healing efficiencies and recoveries, mechanisms of autonomous self-healing, and mechanically robust hydrogels are presented. The trends indicate that hydrogels that self-heal better also achieve self-healing faster, as compared to gels that only partially self-heal. Recommendations to guide future development of self-healing hydrogels are offered and the potential relevance of self-healing hydrogels to the exciting research areas of 3D/4D printing, soft robotics, and assisted health technologies is highlighted.
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            25th anniversary article: Designer hydrogels for cell cultures: a materials selection guide.

            Cell culturing, whether for tissue engineering or cell biology studies, always involves placing cells in a non-natural environment and no material currently exist that can mimic the entire complexity of natural tissues and variety of cell-matrix interactions that is found in vivo. Here, we review the vast range of hydrogels, composed of natural or synthetic polymers that provide a route to tailored microenvironments. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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              Is enzyme immobilization a mature discipline? Some critical considerations to capitalize on the benefits of immobilization

              Enzyme immobilization has been developing since the 1960s and although many industrial biocatalytic processes use the technology to improve enzyme performance, still today we are far from full exploitation of the field. Enzyme immobilization has been developing since the 1960s and although many industrial biocatalytic processes use the technology to improve enzyme performance, still today we are far from full exploitation of the field. One clear reason is that many evaluate immobilization based on only a few experiments that are not always well-designed. In contrast to many other reviews on the subject, here we highlight the pitfalls of using incorrectly designed immobilization protocols and explain why in many cases sub-optimal results are obtained. We also describe solutions to overcome these challenges and come to the conclusion that recent developments in material science, bioprocess engineering and protein science continue to open new opportunities for the future. In this way, enzyme immobilization, far from being a mature discipline, remains as a subject of high interest and where intense research is still necessary to take full advantage of the possibilities.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                RCEEBW
                Reaction Chemistry & Engineering
                React. Chem. Eng.
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2058-9883
                May 02 2023
                2023
                : 8
                : 5
                : 984-988
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
                [2 ]Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
                [3 ]Miguel Alcalde Laboratory, Institute of Catalysis, ICP-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
                Article
                10.1039/D3RE00058C
                0d6fd9ab-355d-4d7a-9fe5-53fa024fcf32
                © 2023

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

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