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      Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

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      Seminars in nephrology
      Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is defined as the inability of the kidney to concentrate urine owing to the insensitivity of the distal nephron to the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin. NDI can be either a congenital or an acquired disorder. Acquired NDI most commonly is secondary to drugs such as lithium or metabolic disturbances, such as hypokalemia and hypercalcemia. Disturbance of the aquaporin-2 shuttle is the underlying molecular basis of acquired NDI. NDI is diagnosed with the help of a water-deprivation test. Patients with the disorder will have a urinary osmolality of less than 300 mosm/kg H2O despite water deprivation. On administration of aqueous vasopressin, patients with NDI will show little or no increase in urine osmolality. Therapy consists of identifying and correcting the underlying disorder, or withdrawing the offending drug. Other treatment options that may be beneficial include diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, decreased dietary solute intake, and desmopressin (DDAVP).

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Semin. Nephrol.
          Seminars in nephrology
          Elsevier BV
          0270-9295
          0270-9295
          May 2006
          : 26
          : 3
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA. Apurv.khanna@ttuhsc.edu
          Article
          S0270-9295(06)00031-3
          10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.03.004
          16713497
          0d7758e6-18c7-46bf-a63c-f1494cf61910
          History

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