The looming crisis: interactions between marine mammals and fisheries

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The mean trophic level of the species groups reported in Food and Agricultural Organization global fisheries statistics declined from 1950 to 1994. This reflects a gradual transition in landings from long-lived, high trophic level, piscivorous bottom fish toward short-lived, low trophic level invertebrates and planktivorous pelagic fish. This effect, also found to be occurring in inland fisheries, is most pronounced in the Northern Hemisphere. Fishing down food webs (that is, at lower trophic levels) leads at first to increasing catches, then to a phase transition associated with stagnating or declining catches. These results indicate that present exploitation patterns are unsustainable.

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CALCULATING LIMITS TO THE ALLOWABLE HUMAN-CAUSED MORTALITY OF CETACEANS AND PINNIPEDS

Paul R Wade (1998)

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First human-caused extinction of a cetacean species?

Samuel Turvey, Robert L. Pitman, Barbara Taylor … (2007)

The Yangtze River dolphin or baiji (Lipotes vexillifer), an obligate freshwater odontocete known only from the middle-lower Yangtze River system and neighbouring Qiantang River in eastern China, has long been recognized as one of the world's rarest and most threatened mammal species. The status of the baiji has not been investigated since the late 1990s, when the surviving population was estimated to be as low as 13 individuals. An intensive six-week multi-vessel visual and acoustic survey carried out in November-December 2006, covering the entire historical range of the baiji in the main Yangtze channel, failed to find any evidence that the species survives. We are forced to conclude that the baiji is now likely to be extinct, probably due to unsustainable by-catch in local fisheries. This represents the first global extinction of a large vertebrate for over 50 years, only the fourth disappearance of an entire mammal family since AD 1500, and the first cetacean species to be driven to extinction by human activity. Immediate and extreme measures may be necessary to prevent the extinction of other endangered cetaceans, including the sympatric Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis).

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Journal

Title: Journal of Mammalogy

Abbreviated Title: Journal of Mammalogy

Publisher: American Society of Mammalogists (ASM)

ISSN (Print): 0022-2372

ISSN (Electronic): 1545-1542

Publication date Created: June 2008

Publication date (Print): June 2008

Volume: 89

Issue: 3

Pages: 541-548

Article

DOI: 10.1644/07-MAMM-S-315R1.1

SO-VID: 0d787004-e0c4-4fba-8070-9e898fc45dd5

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The looming crisis: interactions between marine mammals and fisheries

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Fishing down marine food webs

CALCULATING LIMITS TO THE ALLOWABLE HUMAN-CAUSED MORTALITY OF CETACEANS AND PINNIPEDS

First human-caused extinction of a cetacean species?

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