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      A Clear Cell Sarcoma Case: A Diagnostic and Treatment Challenge, with a Promising Response to Trabectedin

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a rare and aggressive soft tissue sarcoma. CCS is characterized by the translocation t(12;22) (q13;q12), involving the fusion of EWSR1 and ATF1 genes, and less frequently the fusion gene EWSR1-CREB1. Usually, CCSs are considered poorly responsive to conventional chemotherapy. However, trabectedin has shown activity against translocation-related sarcomas. Furthermore, preclinical results suggest that trabectedin is a promising antitumor agent for CCS, potentially inducing melanocytic differentiation.

          Case Presentation

          We report the case of a challenging anatomopathological diagnosis in a patient with an aggressive metastatic CCS. Following the diagnosis of CCS, the patient experienced a clinical and radiological tumor response to trabectedin after four lines of treatment.

          Conclusion

          This is a novel report of CCS treated with trabectedin that resulted in a partial response and suggests the need for further research on trabectedin as a therapeutic option for CCS.

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          Most cited references37

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          Doxorubicin alone versus intensified doxorubicin plus ifosfamide for first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial.

          Effective targeted treatment is unavailable for most sarcomas and doxorubicin and ifosfamide-which have been used to treat soft-tissue sarcoma for more than 30 years-still have an important role. Whether doxorubicin alone or the combination of doxorubicin and ifosfamide should be used routinely is still controversial. We assessed whether dose intensification of doxorubicin with ifosfamide improves survival of patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcoma compared with doxorubicin alone.
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            Pazopanib for metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (PALETTE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.

            Pazopanib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has single-agent activity in patients with advanced non-adipocytic soft-tissue sarcoma. We investigated the effect of pazopanib on progression-free survival in patients with metastatic non-adipocytic soft-tissue sarcoma after failure of standard chemotherapy. This phase 3 study was done in 72 institutions, across 13 countries. Patients with angiogenesis inhibitor-naive, metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma, progressing despite previous standard chemotherapy, were randomly assigned by an interactive voice randomisation system in a 2:1 ratio in permuted blocks (with block sizes of six) to receive either pazopanib 800 mg once daily or placebo, with no subsequent cross-over. Patients, investigators who gave the treatment, those assessing outcomes, and those who did the analysis were masked to the allocation. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. Efficacy analysis was by intention to treat. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00753688. 372 patients were registered and 369 were randomly assigned to receive pazopanib (n=246) or placebo (n=123). Median progression-free survival was 4·6 months (95% CI 3·7-4·8) for pazopanib compared with 1·6 months (0·9-1·8) for placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0·31, 95% CI 0·24-0·40; p<0·0001). Overall survival was 12·5 months (10·6-14·8) with pazopanib versus 10·7 months (8·7-12·8) with placebo (HR 0·86, 0·67-1·11; p=0·25). The most common adverse events were fatigue (60 in the placebo group [49%] vs 155 in the pazopanib group [65%]), diarrhoea (20 [16%] vs 138 [58%]), nausea (34 [28%] vs 129 [54%]), weight loss (25 [20%] vs 115 [48%]), and hypertension (8 [7%] vs 99 [41%]). The median relative dose intensity was 100% for placebo and 96% for pazopanib. Pazopanib is a new treatment option for patients with metastatic non-adipocytic soft-tissue sarcoma after previous chemotherapy. GlaxoSmithKline. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Efficacy and safety of trabectedin in patients with advanced or metastatic liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma after failure of prior anthracyclines and ifosfamide: results of a randomized phase II study of two different schedules.

              To evaluate the safety and efficacy of trabectedin in a phase II, open-label, multicenter, randomized study in adult patients with unresectable/metastatic liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma after failure of prior conventional chemotherapy including anthracyclines and ifosfamide. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two trabectedin regimens (via central venous access): 1.5 mg/m(2) 24-hour intravenous infusion once every 3 weeks (q3 weeks 24-hour) versus 0.58 mg/m(2) 3-hour IV infusion every week for 3 weeks of a 4-week cycle (qwk 3-hour). Time to progression (TTP) was the primary efficacy end point, based on confirmed independent review of images. Two hundred seventy patients were randomly assigned; 136 (q3 weeks 24-hour) versus 134 (qwk 3-hour). Median TTP was 3.7 months versus 2.3 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.734; 95% CI, 0.554 to 0.974; P = .0302), favoring the q3 weeks 24-hour arm. Median progression-free survival was 3.3 months versus 2.3 months (HR, 0.755; 95% CI, 0.574 to 0.992; P = .0418). Median overall survival (n = 235 events) was 13.9 months versus 11.8 months (HR, 0.843; 95% CI, 0.653 to 1.090; P = .1920). Although somewhat more neutropenia, elevations in AST/ALT, emesis, and fatigue occurred in the q3 weeks 24-hour, this regimen was reasonably well tolerated. Febrile neutropenia was rare (0.8%). No cumulative toxicities were noted. Prior studies showed clinical benefit with trabectedin in patients with sarcomas after failure of standard chemotherapy. This trial documents superior disease control with the q3 weeks 24-hour trabectedin regimen in liposarcomas and leiomyosarcomas, although the qwk 3-hour regimen also demonstrated activity relative to historical comparisons. Trabectedin may now be considered an important new option to control advanced sarcomas in patients after failure of available standard-of-care therapies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Case Rep Oncol
                Case Rep Oncol
                CRO
                CRO
                Case Reports in Oncology
                S. Karger AG (Basel, Switzerland )
                1662-6575
                6 December 2023
                Jan-Dec 2023
                6 December 2023
                : 16
                : 1
                : 1542-1550
                Affiliations
                [a ]Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
                [b ]Radiology Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
                [c ]Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
                [d ]De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Governor, Damariñas, Philippines
                [e ]Anatomic Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall D’Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
                [f ]Anatomic Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Mar Galera, mar.galera.lopez@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                534935
                10.1159/000534935
                10699832
                38074516
                0dc19b84-35a4-40ae-8496-c10ec2c08c11
                © 2023 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel

                This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC) ( http://www.karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission.

                History
                : 28 August 2023
                : 27 October 2023
                : 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 4, References: 37, Pages: 9
                Funding
                This research was funded by PharmaMar, S.A.
                Categories
                Case Report

                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                clear cell sarcoma,diagnosis,treatment,trabectedin,radiotherapy,case report
                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                clear cell sarcoma, diagnosis, treatment, trabectedin, radiotherapy, case report

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