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      Anatomy in a Post‐Covid‐19 World: Tracing a New Trajectory

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          Abstract

          In responding to Covid‐19 anatomists have succeeded in adapting their teaching to online delivery. However, long‐term reliance on this mode of teaching raises the prospect that transferring the whole of the learning environment to an impersonal digital world will lead to loss of anatomy’s humanistic side. In looking to a future increasingly dependent upon digital input to teaching, a number of roadblocks are identified. These are: the peril of abandoning the ethos of anatomy; for the workload of staff and especially for female academic staff; by a lack of adequate resources; to the research nature of departments, including the quality of research; to the position of anatomy in the biomedical sciences; and from pressures to retreat from a dissection‐based education. In tracing a future trajectory for anatomy, issues outlined are the inevitability of change, the need for anatomy to market itself to the world, and the opportunities presented for anatomy to view itself increasingly as a contributor to broad scholastic endeavors. Suggestions include exploring the possibilities presented by virtual anatomy museums, the use of online learning to reach those not normally in touch with anatomy teaching, and exploring the integrated courses with humanities disciplines. It is concluded that anatomy will flourish if there is a willingness to expand the traditional horizons and be prepared to integrate all that is best in the person‐to‐person and digital worlds.

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          Forced Disruption of Anatomy Education in Australia and New Zealand: An Acute Response to the Covid‐19 Pandemic

          Australian and New Zealand universities commenced a new academic year in February/March 2020 largely with “business as usual.” The subsequent Covid‐19 pandemic imposed unexpected disruptions to anatomical educational practice. Rapid change occurred due to government‐imposed physical distancing regulations from March 2020 that increasingly restricted anatomy laboratory teaching practices. Anatomy educators in both these countries were mobilized to adjust their teaching approaches. This study on anatomy education disruption at pandemic onset within Australia and New Zealand adopts a social constructivist lens. The research question was “What are the perceived disruptions and changes made to anatomy education in Australia and New Zealand during the initial period of the Covid‐19 pandemic, as reflected on by anatomy educators?.” Thematic analysis to elucidate “the what and why” of anatomy education was applied to these reflections. About 18 anatomy academics from ten institutions participated in this exercise. The analysis revealed loss of integrated “hands‐on” experiences, and impacts on workload, traditional roles, students, pedagogy, and anatomists' personal educational philosophies. The key opportunities recognized for anatomy education included: enabling synchronous teaching across remote sites, expanding offerings into the remote learning space, and embracing new pedagogies. In managing anatomy education's transition in response to the pandemic, six critical elements were identified: community care, clear communications, clarified expectations, constructive alignment, community of practice, ability to compromise, and adapt and continuity planning. There is no doubt that anatomy education has stepped into a yet unknown future in the island countries of Australia and New Zealand.
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            Are women publishing less during the pandemic? Here’s what the data say

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              Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) Analysis of the Adaptations to Anatomical Education in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in Response to the Covid‐19 Pandemic

              The Covid‐19 pandemic has driven the fastest changes to higher education across the globe, necessitated by social distancing measures preventing face‐to‐face teaching. This has led to an almost immediate switch to distance learning by higher education institutions. Anatomy faces some unique challenges. Intrinsically, anatomy is a three‐dimensional subject that requires a sound understanding of the relationships between structures, often achieved by the study of human cadaveric material, models, and virtual resources. This study sought to identify the approaches taken in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland to deliver anatomical education through online means. Data were collected from 14 different universities in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland and compared adopting a thematic analysis approach. Once themes were generated, they were collectively brought together using a strength, weakness, opportunity, threat (SWOT) analysis. Key themes included the opportunity to develop new online resources and the chance to engage in new academic collaborations. Academics frequently mentioned the challenge that time constrains could place on the quality and effectiveness of these resources; especially as in many cases the aim of these resources was to compensate for a lack of exposure to cadaveric exposure. Comparisons of the actions taken by multiple higher education institutions reveal the ways that academics have tried to balance this demand. Discussions will facilitate decisions being made by higher education institutions regarding adapting the curriculum and assessment methods in anatomy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                gareth.jones@otago.ac.nz
                Journal
                Anat Sci Educ
                Anat Sci Educ
                10.1002/(ISSN)1935-9780
                ASE
                Anatomical Sciences Education
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                1935-9772
                1935-9780
                04 March 2021
                Mar-Apr 2021
                : 14
                : 2 ( doiID: 10.1002/ase.v14.2 )
                : 148-153
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Anatomy Division of Health Sciences University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence to: Prof. David Gareth Jones, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. E‐mail: gareth.jones@ 123456otago.ac.nz

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4671-6819
                Article
                ASE2054
                10.1002/ase.2054
                8014461
                33463041
                0dc7df6b-7d87-4d66-aa1f-7733fe961e7c
                © 2021 American Association for Anatomy

                This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.

                History
                : 31 December 2020
                : 12 November 2020
                : 13 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Pages: 6, Words: 5899
                Categories
                Viewpoint Commentary
                Covid‐19 Articles
                Viewpoint Commentary
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                March/April 2021
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.0.1 mode:remove_FC converted:01.04.2021

                gross anatomy education,medical education,covid‐19,online teaching,online resources,research,workload,virtual anatomy museums

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