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      A longitudinal study of the effect of Antarctic residence on energy dynamics and aerobic fitness

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          To investigate the effect of Antarctic residence on energy dynamics and aerobic fitness over the course of a year in over-wintering personnel.

          Study design

          A prospective longitudinal observational study.

          Methods

          A convenience sample of personnel over-wintering at Rothera Research Station in Antarctica was studied. Body weight, body fat, food intake, activity and aerobic fitness were recorded every 30 days for 1 year. Body weight, body fat and food intake were measured using weighing scales, skinfold callipers and diet records, respectively; activity was measured using accelerometer-based activity trackers and aerobic fitness using a treadmill protocol. Climate markers of temperature and sunlight hours were also recorded.

          Results

          Twenty-one subjects took part in the study over the 12-month period. A statistically significant increase in body weight and body fat in winter was observed (p=0.012 and p=0.049, respectively). There were no statistically significant trends in activity, food intake or aerobic fitness.

          Conclusions

          There were significant seasonal changes in body weight and body fat, with both measures increasing in winter but no significant changes in the other main outcome measures.

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          Most cited references33

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          Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years.

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            Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic

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              The validity and reliability of a novel activity monitor as a measure of walking.

              The accurate measurement of physical activity is crucial to understanding the relationship between physical activity and disease prevention and treatment. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the activPAL physical activity monitor in measuring step number and cadence. The ability of the activPAL monitor to measure step number and cadence in 20 healthy adults (age 34.5+/-6.9 years; BMI 26.8+/-4.8 (mean+/-SD)) was evaluated against video observation. Concurrently, the accuracy of two commonly used pedometers, the Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200 and the Omron HJ-109-E, was compared to observation for measuring step number. Participants walked on a treadmill at five different speeds (0.90, 1.12, 1.33, 1.56, and 1.78 m/s) and outdoors at three self selected speeds (slow, normal, and fast). At all speeds, inter device reliability was excellent for the activPAL (ICC (2,1)> or =0.99) for both step number and cadence. The absolute percentage error for the activPAL was <1.11% for step number and cadence regardless of walking speed. The accuracy of the pedometers was adversely affected by slow walking speeds. The activPAL monitor is a valid and reliable measure of walking in healthy adults. Its accuracy is not influenced by walking speed. The activPAL may be a useful device in sports medicine.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Circumpolar Health
                Int J Circumpolar Health
                IJCH
                International Journal of Circumpolar Health
                Co-Action Publishing
                1239-9736
                2242-3982
                19 March 2012
                2012
                : 71
                : 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.17227
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Anaesthesia & Pain Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
                [2 ]Peninsula College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
                Author notes
                [* ] Alistair Simpson, Department of Anaesthesia & Pain Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK. Email: alistair@ 123456altitude.org
                Article
                IJCH-71-17227
                10.3402/ijch.v71i0.17227
                3417714
                22456046
                0de15211-8b12-4f09-a26f-0e46905749aa
                © 2012 Alistair Simpson and Veronica Maynard

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 09 November 2010
                : 14 May 2011
                : 15 August 2011
                Categories
                Original Research Article

                Medicine
                antarctica,fitness,energy dynamics,antarctic residence
                Medicine
                antarctica, fitness, energy dynamics, antarctic residence

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