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      The Passiflora tripartita (Banana Passion) Fruit: A Source of Bioactive Flavonoid C-Glycosides Isolated by HSCCC and Characterized by HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS/MS

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          Abstract

          The banana passion fruit ( Passiflora tripartita Breiter, Passifloraceae) known as “tumbo” is very appreciated in tropical and subtropical countries of South America. Methanolic extracts from peel and the fruit juice of P. tripartita growing in Chile were analyzed for antioxidant capacity as well as for flavonoid and phenolic content. A chromatographic method was developed for the rapid identification of the main phenolics in the samples by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. The fast fingerprint analysis allowed the detection of eighteen flavonoid C-glycosides and four flavonoid O-glycoside derivatives which were characterized by UV spectra and ESI-MS-MS analysis. Several of the C-glycosides detected are structurally related to the orientin derivative 4′-methoxy-luteolin-8- C-(6″acetyl)-β- D-glucopyranoside ( 31), fully elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant derivative 31 along with schaftoside, vicenin II, orientin and vitexin were isolated from the fruit extract by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). A suitable method for the preparative isolation of flavonol C-glycosides from “tumbo” extracts by HSCCC is reported. The pulp of the fruits showed good antioxidant capacity (12.89 ± 0.02 μg/mL in the DPPH assay). The peel presented the highest content of flavonoids (56.03 ± 4.34 mg quercetin/100 g dry weight) which is related to the highest antioxidant power (10.41 ± 0.01 μg/mL in the DPPH assay).

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          Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts.

          The antioxidant activities, reducing powers, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities, amount of total phenolic compounds, and antimicrobial activities of ether, ethanol, and hot water extracts of the leaves and seeds of Rumex crispus L. were studied. The antioxidant activities of extracts increase with increasing amount of extracts (50-150 microg). However, the water extracts of both the leaves and seeds have shown the highest antioxidant activities. Thus, addition of 75 microg of each of the above extracts to the linoleic acid emulsion caused the inhibition of peroxide formation by 96 and 94%, respectively. Although the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of seed was lower than the water extract, the difference between these was not statistically significant, P > 0.05. Unlike the other extracts, 75 microg of the ether extract of seeds was unable to show statistically significant antioxidant activity, P > 0.05 (between this extract and control in that there is no extract in the test sample). Among all of the extracts, the highest amount of total phenolic compound was found in the ethanol extract of seeds, whereas the lowest amount was found in the ether extract of seeds. Like phenolic compounds, the highest reducing power and the highest DPPH scavenging activity were found in the ethanol extract of seeds. However, the reducing activity of the ethanol extract of seeds was approximately 40% that of ascorbic acid, whereas in the presence of 400 microg of water and ethanol extracts of seeds scavenging activities were about 85 and 90%, respectively. There were statistically significant correlations between amount of phenolic compounds and reducing power and between amount of phenolic compounds and percent DPPH scavenging activities (r = 0.99, P < 0.01, and r = 0.864, P < 0.05, respectively) and also between reducing powers and percent DPPH scavenging activities (r = 0.892, P < 0.05). The ether extracts of both the leaves and seeds and ethanol extract of leaves had shown antimicrobial activities on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. However, none of the water extracts showed antimicrobial activity on the studied microorganisms.
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            Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Composition of Citrus Peel and Seed Extracts

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              Antioxidant capacity, phenolic content and vitamin C in pulp, peel and seed from 24 exotic fruits from Colombia

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Molecules
                Molecules
                molecules
                Molecules
                MDPI
                1420-3049
                28 January 2013
                February 2013
                : 18
                : 2
                : 1672-1692
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Antofagasta, Casilla 170, Antofagasta, Chile; E-Mail: jborquez@ 123456uantof.cl
                [2 ] Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile; E-Mail: schmeda@ 123456utalca.cl
                [3 ] Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College and The Graduate Center, the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; E-Mail: edward.kennelly@ 123456lehman.cuny.edu
                Author notes
                [* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: mario.simirgiotis@ 123456uantof.cl ; Tel.: +56-55-637-229; Fax: +56-55-637-457.
                Article
                molecules-18-01672
                10.3390/molecules18021672
                6270644
                23358325
                0defe853-fa76-4e10-94e1-a50027667c36
                © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                : 12 November 2012
                : 06 January 2013
                : 10 January 2013
                Categories
                Article

                banana passion fruits,passiflora tripartita,passiflora tripartita var. mollissima,tumbo,hplc-ms,c-glycosyl flavonoids,phenolic compounds,antioxidants,high-speed countercurrent chromatography,hsccc

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