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      Spectral Deconvolution for Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics: Current Status and Future Perspectives

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          Abstract

          Mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography (GC-MS) has been widely applied in the field of metabolomics. Success of this application has benefited greatly from computational workflows that process the complex raw mass spectrometry data and extract the qualitative and quantitative information of metabolites. Among the computational algorithms within a workflow, deconvolution is critical since it reconstructs a pure mass spectrum for each component that the mass spectrometer observes. Based on the pure spectrum, the corresponding component can be eventually identified and quantified. Deconvolution is challenging due to the existence of co-elution. In this review, we focus on progress that has been made in the development of deconvolution algorithms and provide thoughts on future developments that will expand the application of GC-MS in metabolomics.

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          Most cited references50

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          MassBank: a public repository for sharing mass spectral data for life sciences.

          MassBank is the first public repository of mass spectra of small chemical compounds for life sciences (<3000 Da). The database contains 605 electron-ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS), 137 fast atom bombardment MS and 9276 electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS(n) data of 2337 authentic compounds of metabolites, 11 545 EI-MS and 834 other-MS data of 10,286 volatile natural and synthetic compounds, and 3045 ESI-MS(2) data of 679 synthetic drugs contributed by 16 research groups (January 2010). ESI-MS(2) data were analyzed under nonstandardized, independent experimental conditions. MassBank is a distributed database. Each research group provides data from its own MassBank data servers distributed on the Internet. MassBank users can access either all of the MassBank data or a subset of the data by specifying one or more experimental conditions. In a spectral search to retrieve mass spectra similar to a query mass spectrum, the similarity score is calculated by a weighted cosine correlation in which weighting exponents on peak intensity and the mass-to-charge ratio are optimized to the ESI-MS(2) data. MassBank also provides a merged spectrum for each compound prepared by merging the analyzed ESI-MS(2) data on an identical compound under different collision-induced dissociation conditions. Data merging has significantly improved the precision of the identification of a chemical compound by 21-23% at a similarity score of 0.6. Thus, MassBank is useful for the identification of chemical compounds and the publication of experimental data. 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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            Metabolomics--the link between genotypes and phenotypes.

            Metabolites are the end products of cellular regulatory processes, and their levels can be regarded as the ultimate response of biological systems to genetic or environmental changes. In parallel to the terms 'transcriptome' and proteome', the set of metabolites synthesized by a biological system constitute its 'metabolome'. Yet, unlike other functional genomics approaches, the unbiased simultaneous identification and quantification of plant metabolomes has been largely neglected. Until recently, most analyses were restricted to profiling selected classes of compounds, or to fingerprinting metabolic changes without sufficient analytical resolution to determine metabolite levels and identities individually. As a prerequisite for metabolomic analysis, careful consideration of the methods employed for tissue extraction, sample preparation, data acquisition, and data mining must be taken. In this review, the differences among metabolite target analysis, metabolite profiling, and metabolic fingerprinting are clarified, and terms are defined. Current approaches are examined, and potential applications are summarized with a special emphasis on data mining and mathematical modelling of metabolism.
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              METLIN: a metabolite mass spectral database.

              Endogenous metabolites have gained increasing interest over the past 5 years largely for their implications in diagnostic and pharmaceutical biomarker discovery. METLIN (http://metlin.scripps.edu), a freely accessible web-based data repository, has been developed to assist in a broad array of metabolite research and to facilitate metabolite identification through mass analysis. METLINincludes an annotated list of known metabolite structural information that is easily cross-correlated with its catalogue of high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) spectra, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra, and LC/MS data.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Comput Struct Biotechnol J
                Comput Struct Biotechnol J
                CSBJ
                Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
                Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology (RNCSB) Organization
                2001-0370
                28 June 2013
                2013
                : 4
                : e201301013
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Bioinformatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
                [b ]Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
                Author notes
                Citation
                Du X, Zeisel SH (2013) Spectral Deconvolution for Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal. 4 (5): e201301013. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5936/csbj.201301013
                [* ]Corresponding author: Tel.: +1 7042505754. E-mail address: xiuxia.du@ 123456uncc.edu (Xiuxia Du)
                Article
                CSBJ-4-e201301013
                10.5936/csbj.201301013
                3962095
                24688694
                0e04376d-e49a-47c8-80bd-dde1c6ac2b0e
                © Du and Zeisel.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly cited.

                History
                : 19 October 2012
                : 20 June 2013
                : 23 June 2013
                Categories
                Mini Reviews

                metabolomics,mass spectrometry,bioinformatics
                metabolomics, mass spectrometry, bioinformatics

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