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      Practical Approaches to Treat ED in PDE5i Nonresponders

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          Abstract

          Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common sexual disorder in adult males and one of the most important factors affecting their quality of life and that of their partners. Although PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5is) are the first choice for improving erectile function, there is a substantial proportion of ED patients, termed PDE5i nonresponders, who do not respond to PDE5is. Because of the lack of effective therapies, these patients always have serious social and psychological problems due to ED, which should be addressed. Here, we review the available literature about ED and PDE5is and propose several strategies for mitigating ED in PDE5i nonresponders.

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          The likely worldwide increase in erectile dysfunction between 1995 and 2025 and some possible policy consequences.

          I A Ayta, J. McKinlay, R J Krane (1999)
          To project the likely worldwide increase in the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) over the next 25 years, and to identify and discuss some possible health-policy consequences using the recent developments in the UK as a case study. Using the United Nations projected male population distributions by quinquennial age groups for 2025, the prevalence rates for ED were applied from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS) to calculate the likely incidence of ED. The MMAS has the advantage of being the first study to provide population-based rates rather than rates based on clinical samples. All the projections were age-adjusted. It is estimated that in 1995 there were over 152 million men worldwide who experienced ED; the projections for 2025 show a prevalence of approximately 322 million with ED, an increase of nearly 170 million men. The largest projected increases were in the developing world, i.e. Africa, Asia and South America. The likely worldwide increase in the prevalence of ED (associated with rapidly ageing populations) combined with newly available and highly publicized medical treatments, will raise challenging policy issues in nearly all countries. Already under-funded national health systems will be confronted with unanticipated resource requests and challenges to existing government funding priorities. The projected trends represent a serious challenge for healthcare policy makers to develop and implement policies to prevent or alleviate ED.
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            Incidence and Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Women and Men: A Consensus Statement from the Fourth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine 2015.

            Marita McCabe, Ira Sharlip, Ron Lewis … (2016)
            The incidence and prevalence of various sexual dysfunctions in women and men are important to understand to designate priorities for epidemiologic and clinical research.
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              Sexual function in men older than 50 years of age: results from the health professionals follow-up study.

              Constance Bacon, Murray Mittleman, Ichiro Kawachi … (2003)
              Although many studies have provided data on erectile dysfunction in specific settings, few studies have been large enough to precisely examine age-specific prevalence and correlates. To describe the association between age and several aspects of sexual functioning in men older than 50 years of age. Cross-sectional analysis of data from a prospective cohort study. U.S. health professionals. 31 742 men, age 53 to 90 years. Questionnaires mailed in 2000 asked about sexual function, physical activity, body weight, smoking, marital status, medical conditions, and medications. Previous biennial questionnaires since 1986 asked about date of birth, alcohol intake, and other health information. When men with prostate cancer were excluded, the age-standardized prevalence of erectile dysfunction in the previous 3 months was 33%. Many aspects of sexual function (including overall function, desire, orgasm, and overall ability) decreased sharply by decade after 50 years of age. Physical activity was associated with lower risk for erectile dysfunction (multivariable relative risk, 0.7 [95% CI, 0.6 to 0.7] for >32.6 metabolic equivalent hours of exercise per week vs. 0 to 2.7 metabolic equivalent hours of exercise per week), and obesity was associated with higher risk (relative risk, 1.3 [CI, 1.2 to 1.4] for body mass index >28.7 kg/m2 vs. <23.2 kg/m2). Smoking, alcohol consumption, and television viewing time were also associated with increased prevalence of erectile dysfunction. Men who had no chronic medical conditions and engaged in healthy behaviors had the lowest prevalence. Several modifiable health behaviors were associated with maintenance of good erectile function, even after comorbid conditions were considered. Lifestyle factors most strongly associated with erectile dysfunction were physical activity and leanness.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Aging Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Aging Dis
                Title: Aging and Disease
                Publisher: JKL International LLC
                ISSN (Electronic): 2152-5250
                Publication date Collection: October 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 October 2020
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 1202-1218
                Affiliations
                [1-ad-11-5-1202] 1Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
                [2-ad-11-5-1202] 2Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
                [3-ad-11-5-1202] 3Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Hongjun Li, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. E-mail: lihongjun@ 123456pumch.cn.
                [#]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                Publisher ID: ad-11-5-1202
                DOI: 10.14336/AD.2019.1028
                PMC ID: 7505261
                PubMed ID: 33014533
                SO-VID: 0e070e08-6329-4f28-a616-ce91a86e3ece
                Copyright © copyright: © 2020 Cai et al.
                License:

                this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

                History
                Date received : 20 August 2019
                Date revision requested : 27 August 2019
                Date accepted : 28 August 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                Keywords: erectile dysfunction,phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors,rescue strategy,nonresponders
                Data availability:
                Keywords: erectile dysfunction, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, rescue strategy, nonresponders

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