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      Correction: A Large Collection of Novel Nematode-Infecting Microsporidia and Their Diverse Interactions with Caenorhabditis elegans and Other Related Nematodes

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      The PLOS Pathogens Staff
      PLoS Pathogens
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          Abstract

          In Table 2, dividing lines were introduced during typesetting that affect the readability of the table. The publisher apologizes for the error. Please see the corrected Table 2 here. 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006204.t001 Table 2 Collection of other microsporidia species infecting wild nematodes Microsporidia Nematode host Strain Country / Year Sample composition Spore feature Nematocida major n. sp. C. briggsae JUm2507 Thailand / 2013 rotting fruit 2S C. briggsae JUm2747 Guadeloupe / 2014 rotting fruit 2S C. tropicalis JUm2751 Guadeloupe / 2014 rotting fruit n. d. Nematocida minor n. sp. Oscheius tipulae JUm1510 Czech Republic / 2008 rotting apple 2S O. tipulae JUm2772 Armenia / 2014 rotting fruit n. d. Nematocida homosporus n. sp. O. tipulae JUm1504 France / 2008 rotting stem 1S Rhabditella typhae NICm516 Portugal / 2013 rotting apple 1S Nematocida ciargi n. sp. Procephalobus sp. JUm2895 Spain / 2015 rotting fruit 1S Nematocida sp. 7 C. sp. 42 NICm1041 French Guiana / 2014 flower n. d. Enteropsectra longa n. sp. Oscheius sp. 3 JUm408 Iceland / 2002 compost 1S, LT, AP Enteropsectra breve n. sp. O. tipulae JUm2551 France / 2013 rotting apple 1S, SR, AP O. tipulae JUm1483 France / 2008 rotting plum 1S, SR,AP O. tipulae JUm1456 France / 2008 rotting fruit n. d. Pancytospora philotis n. sp. O. tipulae JUm1505 France / 2008 rotting apple LT O. tipulae JUm1460 France / 2008 rotting snail LT O. tipulae JUm1670 France / 2009 rotting apple LT O. tipulae JUm2552 France / 2013 rotting stem LT Pancytospora epiphaga n. sp. C. brenneri JUm1396 Colombia / 2008 rotting fruit LT The reference strain of each newly found species is in bold. 2S: two distinct sizes of spores; 1S: one size of spores LT: long, thin rod; SR: small rod (see dimensions in Table 3); AP: form spores first along the apical side of the intestinal cells. n. d.: not determined

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          A Large Collection of Novel Nematode-Infecting Microsporidia and Their Diverse Interactions with Caenorhabditis elegans and Other Related Nematodes

          Microsporidia are fungi-related intracellular pathogens that may infect virtually all animals, but are poorly understood. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has recently become a model host for studying microsporidia through the identification of its natural microsporidian pathogen Nematocida parisii. However, it was unclear how widespread and diverse microsporidia infections are in C. elegans or other related nematodes in the wild. Here we describe the isolation and culture of 47 nematodes with microsporidian infections. N. parisii is found to be the most common microsporidia infecting C. elegans in the wild. In addition, we further describe and name six new species in the Nematocida genus. Our sampling and phylogenetic analysis further identify two subclades that are genetically distinct from Nematocida, and we name them Enteropsectra and Pancytospora. Interestingly, unlike Nematocida, these two genera belong to the main clade of microsporidia that includes human pathogens. All of these microsporidia are horizontally transmitted and most specifically infect intestinal cells, except Pancytospora epiphaga that replicates mostly in the epidermis of its Caenorhabditis host. At the subcellular level in the infected host cell, spores of the novel genus Enteropsectra show a characteristic apical distribution and exit via budding off of the plasma membrane, instead of exiting via exocytosis as spores of Nematocida. Host specificity is broad for some microsporidia, narrow for others: indeed, some microsporidia can infect Oscheius tipulae but not its sister species Oscheius sp. 3, and conversely some microsporidia found infecting Oscheius sp. 3 do not infect O. tipulae. We also show that N. ausubeli fails to strongly induce in C. elegans the transcription of genes that are induced by other Nematocida species, suggesting it has evolved mechanisms to prevent induction of this host response. Altogether, these newly isolated species illustrate the diversity and ubiquity of microsporidian infections in nematodes, and provide a rich resource to investigate host-parasite coevolution in tractable nematode hosts.
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            Author and article information

            Journal
            PLoS Pathog
            PLoS Pathog
            plos
            plospath
            PLoS Pathogens
            Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
            1553-7366
            1553-7374
            15 February 2017
            February 2017
            : 13
            : 2
            : e1006204
            Article
            PPATHOGENS-D-17-00195
            10.1371/journal.ppat.1006204
            5310755
            28199389
            0e1d08f8-2448-4c3f-9edf-cebc9dbd0bc3
            © 2017 The PLOS Pathogens Staff

            This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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            Infectious disease & Microbiology
            Infectious disease & Microbiology

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