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      Role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection

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          Abstract

          Oxidative stress (OS) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative diseases. We have previously shown that Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii) induces high nitric oxide (NO) production, glial activation, and apoptosis that altogether cause severe neuropathology in toxoplasma encephalitis (TE). The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of OS and to identify a correlation between the causes of T. gondii induced neuropathology. Expression levels of glutathione reductase (GR), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), neuron specific enolase (NSE), and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were investigated. Results of the study revealed that the levels of GR ( P <0.005) and NSE ( P <0.001) expression in the brain tissue markedly increased while SOD1 activity decreased ( P <0.001) in the infected group compared to the non-infected group. In addition, intense staining for 8-OHdG ( P <0.05) was observed both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells that underwent OS. These results were reasonable to suggest that T. gondii-mediated OS might play a pivotal role and a different type of role in the mechanism of neurodegeneration/neuropathology in the process of TE. The results also clearly indicated that increased levels of NO and apoptosis might contribute to OS-related pathogenesis of TE. As a result, OS and expression of NSE might give an idea of the disease progress and may have a critical diagnostic significance for patients with T. gondii infection.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol
          Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol
          IJI
          spiji
          International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
          SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
          0394-6320
          2058-7384
          10 March 2016
          June 2016
          : 29
          : 2
          : 226-240
          Affiliations
          [1 ]Gumushane University, Siran Mustafa Beyaz Vocational High School, Siran, Gumushane, Turkey
          [2 ]Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey
          Author notes
          [*]Gungor Cagdas Dincel, Gumushane University, Siran Mustafa Beyaz Vocational High School, Siran/ Gumushane 29700, Turkey. Email: gcdincel@ 123456yahoo.com.tr
          Article
          PMC5806720 PMC5806720 5806720 10.1177_0394632016638668
          10.1177/0394632016638668
          5806720
          26966143
          0e42e4a1-758e-41c5-94a3-b3672d4e66ec
          © The Author(s) 2016
          History
          : 11 December 2015
          : 19 February 2016
          Categories
          Original Articles

          Toxoplasma gondii ,oxidative stress,neuropathology,neuron specific enolase,8-OHdG

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