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      Estudo in vitro da influência do formato e do tratamento de superfície de implantes odontológicos no torque de inserção, resistência ao arrancamento e frequência de ressonância Translated title: In vitro study of the influence of the shape and surface treatment of dental implants in insertion torque, pullout resistance and resonance frequency

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: A proposta do estudo foi avaliar a influência do formato e do tratamento de superfície na estabilidade primária de implantes odontológicos, inseridos em diferentes substratos, utilizando-se associação de métodos, como torque de inserção, resistência ao arrancamento e frequência de ressonância. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 32 implantes da marca Conexão® (Conexão Sistemas de Prótese Ltda, Arujá, São Paulo, Brasil), sendo: oito cilíndricos com tratamento Porous (CA), oito cilíndricos usinados (MS), oito cilíndricos tratamento duplo Porous (MP) e oito cônicos sem tratamento (CC). Os substratos utilizados para inserção foram: costela de porco; poliuretana Synbone©; poliuretana Nacional® (15, 20, 40 PCF), e madeira. O torque de inserção (TI) foi quantificado utilizando-se um torquímetro digital Kratos®; a força de arrancamento (RA) foi aferida por meio de tração axial, realizada em uma Máquina Universal de Ensaios (Emic® DL-10000), e utilizou-se também análise por meio de frequência de ressonância (RF). Para obtenção dos resultados estatísticos, utilizou-se análise de variância e teste de Tukey (significância de 5%). RESULTADO: Ao analisar o torque de inserção, verificou-se que os implantes com tratamento de superfície não foram diferentes estatisticamente dos usinados, assim como os implantes cilíndricos não tiveram diferença dos cônicos em todos os substratos (p>0,05), com exceção da poliuretana Synbone©. Em relação à resistência ao arrancamento, os implantes tratados e usinados, assim como cônicos e cilíndricos, não tiveram diferença estatística (p>0,05); a análise de frequência de ressonância mostrou que não houve diferença entre os implantes (p>0,05), com exceção da poliuretana Nacional® (20 PCF). CONCLUSÃO: Os formatos e o tratamento de superfície estudados não demonstraram valores significantes quando foram comparados os implantes entre si e, considerando os substratos avaliados, não houve diferença estatística entre os diferentes tipos de implantes.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of the shape and surface treatment on the primary stability of dental implants inserted in different substrates through association methods such as insertion torque, pullout strength and resonance frequency. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 32 implants were used with 8 cylindrical treatment Porous (CA), 8 machined cylindrical (MS), 8 cylinder dual treatment Porous (MP) and 8 tapered untreated (CC). The substrates used for inclusion were: pork rib; © Synbone polyurethane, polyurethane National ® (15, 20, 40 PCF) and wood. The insertion torque (TI) was quantified using a digital torque Kratos® wrench, the pullout strength (RA) was measured by means of axial traction performed in an Emic DL-10000® and analysis was also used by the resonance frequency (RF). To obtain the statistical results, we used analysis of variance and Tukey's test (5% significance). RESULT: To analyze the insertion torque, it was found that implants with surface treatment were not statistically different from machined as well as the cylindrical implants did not differ from tapered on all substrates (p>0.05), except © Synbone of polyurethane; in relation to RA, treated and machined implants as well as tapered and cylindrical, showed no statistical difference (p>0.05); FR analysis showed no difference between implants (p>0,05), with the exception of National® polyurethane (20 PCF). CONCLUSION: formats and surface treatment studied showed no significant values when compared implants together and considering the tested substrates showed no statistical difference between the different types of implants.

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          Does bone mineral density influence the primary stability of dental implants? A systematic review.

          The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of bone mineral density on the primary stability of dental implants.
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            Influence of bone density on implant stability parameters and implant success: a retrospective clinical study

            Background The aim of the present clinical study was to determine the local bone density in dental implant recipient sites using computerized tomography (CT) and to investigate the influence of local bone density on implant stability parameters and implant success. Methods A total of 300 implants were placed in 111 patients between 2003 and 2005. The bone density in each implant recipient site was determined using CT. Insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis were used as implant stability parameters. The peak insertion torque values were recorded with OsseoCare machine. The resonance frequency analysis measurements were performed with Osstell instrument immediately after implant placement, 6, and 12 months later. Results Of 300 implants placed, 20 were lost, meaning a survival rate of %. 93.3 after three years (average 3.7 ± 0.7 years). The mean bone density, insertion torque and RFA recordings of all 300 implants were 620 ± 251 HU, 36.1 ± 8 Ncm, and 65.7 ± 9 ISQ at implant placement respectively; which indicated statistically significant correlations between bone density and insertion torque values (p < 0.001), bone density and ISQ values (p < 0.001), and insertion torque and ISQ values (p < 0.001). The mean bone density, insertion torque and RFA values were 645 ± 240 HU, 37.2 ± 7 Ncm, and 67.1 ± 7 ISQ for 280 successful implants at implant placement, while corresponding values were 267 ± 47 HU, 21.8 ± 4 Ncm, and 46.5 ± 4 ISQ for 20 failed implants; which indicated statistically significant differences for each parameter (p < 0.001). Conclusion CT is a useful tool to determine the bone density in the implant recipient sites, and the local bone density has a prevailing influence on primary implant stability, which is an important determinant for implant success.
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              Influence of surgical technique and surface roughness on the primary stability of an implant in artificial bone with different cortical thickness: a laboratory study.

              The aim of this biomechanical study was to assess the interrelated effect of both surface roughness and surgical technique on the primary stability of dental implants. For the experiment, 160 screw-designed implants (Biocomp), with either a machined or an etched surface topography, were inserted into polyurethane foam blocks (Sawbones). As an equivalent of trabecular bone, a density of 0.48 g/cm(3) was chosen. To mimic the cortical layer, on top of these blocks short-fibre-filled epoxy sheets were attached with a thickness varying from 0 to 2.5 mm. The implant sites were prepared using either a press-fit or an undersized technique. To measure the primary stability of the implant, both the insertion and the removal torques were scored. Independent of the surgical technique used, both implant types showed an increased insertion and removal torque values with increasing cortical thickness, although >2 mm cortical layer no further increase in insertion torque was observed. In the models with only trabecular bone (without cortical layer) and with a 1 mm cortical layer, both implant types showed a statistically higher insertion and removal torque values for undersized compared with the press-fit technique. In addition, etched implants showed a statistically higher insertion and removal torque mean values compared with machined implants. In the models with 2 and 2.5 mm cortical layers, with respect to the insertion torque values, no effect of either implantation technique or implant surface topography could be observed. The placement of etched implants in synthetic bone models using an undersized preparation technique resulted in enhanced primary implant stability. A correlation was found between the primary stability and the cortical thickness. However, at or above a cortical thickness of 2 mm, the effect of both an undersized surgical approach, as also the presence of a roughened (etched) implant surface, had no extra effect. Besides the mechanical aspects, the biological effect of undersized drilling, i.e. the bone response on the extra insertion torque forces should also be elucidated. Therefore, additional in vivo studies are needed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rounesp
                Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
                Rev. odontol. UNESP
                Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Araraquara, SP, Brazil )
                0101-1774
                1807-2577
                August 2013
                : 42
                : 4
                : 283-290
                Affiliations
                [01] São Paulo SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Odontologia Brasil
                [02] Araraquara SP orgnameUniv Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Odontologia Brasil
                [03] orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina
                Article
                S1807-25772013000400008
                10.1590/S1807-25772013000400008
                0e4cb8ce-ea6d-4723-b1a4-ff4ffb04dcad

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 March 2013
                : 25 July 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Dental implants,torque,bone substitutes,osseointegration,Implantes dentários,substitutos ósseos,osseointegração

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