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      Vegetação, unidades fitoecológicas e diversidade paisagística do estado do Ceará Translated title: Vegetation, phytoecological regions and landscape diversity in Ceará state, northeastern Brazil

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          Abstract

          ResumoEsse artigo apresenta uma revisão dos tipos vegetacionais do estado do Ceará a partir de sua diversidade paisagística, centrando-se, notadamente, nas condições climáticas e unidades geomorfológicas. Com base em levantamentos de campo, literatura especializada e mapas das unidades fitoecológicas e geomorfológicas, pretendemos expor, de forma didática, a caracterização, distribuição e principais ameaças antrópicas concernentes a cada vegetação. Por fim, utilizamos métodos de análise multivariada para comparar a similaridade de espécies entre os diferentes levantamentos florísticos disponíveis para o estado e discutimos os padrões biogeográficos observados.

          Translated abstract

          AbstractThis article presents a review of the vegetation types occurring in Ceará state, Northeastern Brazil. We explain how climate and geomorphology have produced the different landscapes in Ceará and aim to characterize the main features, distribution and anthropogenic threats for each vegetation type. To achieve this we performed fieldwork and evaluated available maps and the literature in order to summarize the main attributes of each vegetation type. We also compiled floristic surveys for Ceará state and used multivariate analysis to compare the similarity of species composition among the different phytoecological units and to interpret the biogeographical patters observed.

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          Sistema brasi-leiro de classificação de solos

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            Recent assembly of the Cerrado, a neotropical plant diversity hotspot, by in situ evolution of adaptations to fire.

            The relative importance of local ecological and larger-scale historical processes in causing differences in species richness across the globe remains keenly debated. To gain insight into these questions, we investigated the assembly of plant diversity in the Cerrado in South America, the world's most species-rich tropical savanna. Time-calibrated phylogenies suggest that Cerrado lineages started to diversify less than 10 Mya, with most lineages diversifying at 4 Mya or less, coinciding with the rise to dominance of flammable C4 grasses and expansion of the savanna biome worldwide. These plant phylogenies show that Cerrado lineages are strongly associated with adaptations to fire and have sister groups in largely fire-free nearby wet forest, seasonally dry forest, subtropical grassland, or wetland vegetation. These findings imply that the Cerrado formed in situ via recent and frequent adaptive shifts to resist fire, rather than via dispersal of lineages already adapted to fire. The location of the Cerrado surrounded by a diverse array of species-rich biomes, and the apparently modest adaptive barrier posed by fire, are likely to have contributed to its striking species richness. These findings add to growing evidence that the origins and historical assembly of species-rich biomes have been idiosyncratic, driven in large part by unique features of regional- and continental-scale geohistory and that different historical processes can lead to similar levels of modern species richness.
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              Numerical ecology

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rod
                Rodriguésia
                Rodriguésia
                Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro )
                2175-7860
                September 2015
                : 66
                : 3
                : 717-743
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Campinas Brazil
                [2 ] Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal do Ceará Brazil
                [5 ] Universidade Regional do Cariri Brazil
                [6 ] Universidade Federal do Ceará Brazil
                Article
                S2175-78602015000300717
                10.1590/2175-7860201566305
                0e634b15-8f33-429c-9172-09066a87daa0

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2175-7860&lng=en
                Categories
                ECOLOGY
                PLANT SCIENCES

                Plant science & Botany,Ecology
                Biogeography,relief,geomorphology,vegetation,Northeastern Region of Brazil,semiarid,Biogeografia,relevo,geomorfologia,vegetação,Nordeste do Brasil,semiárido

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