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      Neural computations of threat in the aftermath of combat trauma

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="P3">By combining computational, morphological, and functional analyses, this study relates latent markers of associative threat learning to overt post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in combat veterans. Using reversal learning, we found that symptomatic veterans showed greater physiological adjustment to cues that did not predict what they had expected, indicating greater sensitivity to prediction errors for negative outcomes. This exaggerated weighting of prediction errors shapes the dynamic learning rate (associability) and value of threat predictive cues. The degree to which the striatum tracked the associability partially mediated the positive correlation between prediction-error weights and PTSD symptoms, suggesting that both increased prediction-error weights and decreased striatal tracking of associability independently contribute to PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, decreased neural tracking of value in the amygdala, in addition to smaller amygdala volume, independently corresponded to higher PTSD symptom severity. These results provide evidence for distinct neurocomputational contributions to PTSD symptoms. </p><p id="P4">Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article. </p>

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          Most cited references27

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          Inference from Iterative Simulation Using Multiple Sequences

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            Prior distributions for variance parameters in hierarchical models (comment on article by Browne and Draper)

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nature Neuroscience
                Nat Neurosci
                Springer Nature
                1097-6256
                1546-1726
                January 21 2019
                Article
                10.1038/s41593-018-0315-x
                6829910
                30664770
                0e664a79-6e49-4fea-8651-0a41d803fdca
                © 2019

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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