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      Healthy lifestyle behavior of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises in Aydin, Turkey

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          To determine healthy lifestyle behavior and affecting risk factors in workers at small and medium-sized enterprises from four different sectors in Aydin, Turkey.

          Methods:

          This cross-sectional study was conducted at four different small and medium-sized enterprises in Aydin, Turkey and 264 employees participated in the study. A questionnaire was used for data collection. It consisted of questions about socio-demographic features (age, gender, marital status, education, perceived income, occupation and having children), health status, and medical history, medication use, having occupational accidents and occupational health and safety. Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale, which was developed by Walker et al. in 1996, was used to evaluate healthy lifestyle behaviors of the workers.

          Results:

          The mean score for Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale was 135.46±22.49. Gender, marital status, perceived income, sector of workplace, title, presence of a chronic disease, finding oneself healthy in the previous year and having an occupational accident in the previous year did not significantly affect any subscales of Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale. The workers aged over 50 years had significantly higher scores for health responsibility than those aged 20-29 years (p<0.05). The workers living in a village got significantly higher scores for Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale and its subscales health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition and spiritual development than those living in a city (p<0.05).

          Conclusion:

          Although workers have good spiritual development, they may not adopt physical activity as a healthy lifestyle and that workers benefiting from occupational health and safety services can display healthy lifestyle behavior.

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          Most cited references18

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          Employers’ views on the promotion of workplace health and wellbeing: a qualitative study

          Background The evidence surrounding the value of workplace health promotion in positively influencing employees’ health and wellbeing via changes to their health behaviours is growing. The aim of the study was to explore employers’ views on the promotion of workplace health and wellbeing and the factors affecting these views. Methods Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, 10 focus groups were conducted with employers selected from a range of industries and geographical locations within Western Australia. The total sample size was 79. Results Three factors were identified: employers’ conceptualization of workplace health and wellbeing; employers’ descriptions of (un)healthy workers and perceptions surrounding the importance of healthy workers; and employers’ beliefs around the role the workplace should play in influencing health. Conclusions Progress may be viable in promoting health and wellbeing if a multifaceted approach is employed taking into account the complex factors influencing employers’ views. This could include an education campaign providing information about what constitutes health and wellbeing beyond the scope of occupational health and safety paradigms along with information on the benefits of workplace health and wellbeing aligned with perceptions relating to healthy and unhealthy workers.
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            Preventing chronic disease in the workplace: a workshop report and recommendations.

            Chronic disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Risk factors and work conditions can be addressed through health promotion aimed at improving individual health behaviors; health protection, including occupational safety and health interventions; and efforts to support the work-family interface. Responding to the need to address chronic disease at worksites, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a workshop to identify research priorities to advance knowledge and implementation of effective strategies to reduce chronic disease risk. Workshop participants outlined a conceptual framework and corresponding research agenda to address chronic disease prevention by integrating health promotion and health protection in the workplace.
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              Facilitating Empowerment in Employees with Chronic Disease: Qualitative Analysis of the Process of Change

              Introduction In the field of healthcare, empowering patients who have a chronic disease is defined as increasing their knowledge and skills, in order to enable them to define their treatment goals and take personal responsibility for their medical treatment. Our goal was to explore the nature of empowerment for employees who have a chronic disease and who experience work-related problems. Methods We used an explorative qualitative approach to document, from a professional perspective, the experiences of patients who participated in an empowerment training program. The researcher and the three instructors identified several themes which appeared to be important to many participants. These themes were fine-tuned and illustrated using brief case histories. Results We identified seven themes and characterized them in terms of employee tasks. These included: (1) developing a realistic understanding of one’s abilities, (2) standing up for oneself in a self-confident way, (3) maintaining social relations based on mutual understanding with supervisors and colleagues, (4) collecting and assimilating knowledge of one’s options, rights and duties, (5) consulting others and negotiating with regard to work accommodations, (6) planning one’s job so as to provide personal satisfaction, and (7) maintaining a social life outside work. Not every employee is faced with all of these tasks, but most have to deal with several. Conclusion Empowerment presupposes that employees with a chronic disease can act to solve problems at the workplace. The experiences during a comprehensive empowerment training illustrate that a process of reflection on personal emotions and a cognitive process of exploration and identification of bottlenecks at work may precede these actions. Our primary contribution is the aforementioned list of seven common tasks that many workers have to perform. Disseminating the list can support employees who have a chronic disease and may also be useful for their managers, HRM staff, occupational health and other healthcare workers.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pak J Med Sci
                Pak J Med Sci
                Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
                Professional Medical Publications (Pakistan )
                1682-024X
                1681-715X
                Mar-Apr 2017
                : 33
                : 2
                : 404-410
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Safiye Ozvurmaz, PhD. Department of Public Health Nursing, Nursing Faculty of Adnan Menders University, Aydin, Turkey
                [2 ]Aliye Mandiracioglu, Professor of Department of Public Health, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Safiye Ozvurmaz, PhD. Department of Public Health Nursing, Nursing Faculty of Adnan Menders University, 09100, Aydin, Turkey. E-mail: sozvurmaz@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                PJMS-33-404
                10.12669/pjms.332.11757
                5432713
                0e6fb0af-0190-4fc6-b736-e8f43c60c59d
                Copyright: © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 25 October 2016
                : 03 November 2016
                : 20 February 2017
                : 25 February 2017
                Categories
                Original Article

                healthy lifestyle,scale,health promotion,workplace
                healthy lifestyle, scale, health promotion, workplace

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