For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
4
views
12
references
 Top references
cited by
2
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      244
      similar
       All similar

      Call for Papers: Green Renal Replacement Therapy: Caring for the Environment

      Submit here before July 31, 2024

      About Blood Purification: 3.0 Impact Factor I 5.6 CiteScore I 0.83 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found

      Effects of Different Levels of Endotoxin Contamination on Inflammatory Cytokine Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells after High-Flux Hemodialysis

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPubMed
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background: In Thailand, dialysate endotoxin contamination levels vary from less than 0.001 to 2.0 EU/ml. This difference has prompted an investigation on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and counter-inflammatory mediators of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after high-flux dialysis. Methods: Patients from four hemodialysis (HD) centers who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. PBMCs were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and cultured. Supernatants were tested for interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) concentration by ELISA. Results: HD centers 1, 2, 3 and 4 had mean dialysate endotoxin contamination levels of 0.001, 0.026, 0.558 and 1.960 EU/ml, respectively. HD center 4 had the highest levels of IL-6 (1,052.3 ± 240.7 pg/10<sup>6</sup> PBMCs), IL-1β (1,297.1 ± 334.6 pg/10<sup>6</sup> PBMCs) and IL-1Ra (2,713.4 ± 1,255.3 pg/10<sup>6</sup> PBMCs). There were no significant differences in cytokine production between HD centers 1 and 2. Conclusion: Our study showed that ultrapure dialysate can minimize the risk of stimulating inflammatory cells. Ultrapure dialysate may prevent or delay endotoxin exposure-related complications.

          Related collections

          Most cited references12

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Standard on microbiological management of fluids for hemodialysis and related therapies by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy 2008.

          Hideki Hirakata, Michio Mineshima, Takashi Akiba … (2009)
          The Committee of Scientific Academy of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) proposes a new standard on microbiological management of fluids for hemodialysis and related therapies. This standard is within the scope of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which is currently under revision. This standard is to be applied to the central dialysis fluid delivery systems (CDDS), which are widely used in Japan. In this standard, microbiological qualities for dialysis water and dialysis fluids are clearly defined by endotoxin level and bacterial count. The qualities of dialysis fluids were classified into three levels: standard, ultrapure, and online prepared substitution fluid. In addition, the therapeutic application of each dialysis fluid is clarified. Since high-performance dialyzers are frequently used in Japan, the standard recommends that ultrapure dialysis fluid be used for all dialysis modalities at all dialysis facilities. It also recommends that the dialysis equipment safety management committee at each facility should validate the microbiological qualities of online prepared substitution fluid.
          Article 0 comments Cited 26 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found

            Use of Ultrapure Dialysate in Reduction of Chronic Inflammation during Hemodialysis

            Kenji Arizono, Kazufumi Nomura, Takeshi Motoyama … (2005)
            Chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of several complications of hemodialysis therapy. It is thought that backfiltration of bacteria-derived contaminations during dialysis may induce a chronic inflammatory state. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is one of the tools which can take a hold on such a chronic inflammatory condition. We examined the effect of ultrapure dialysate which contributes to chronic inflammation with hs-CRP and tried to reduce endotoxin (ET) levels at the end of the dialysate from 70 EU/l to 2 -microglobulin decreased from 33.2 to 28.4 mg/dl (p < 0.01) and the hemoglobin level increased from 10.0 to 11.0 g/dl (p < 0.05). These results indicate that even a dialysate containing 70 EU/l of ET level may induce a chronic inflammatory state. hs-CRP is a very useful marker of chronic inflammation and the use of ultrapure dialysate is necessary to improve a chronic inflammatory state. The targeted ET level at the end of the dialysate should be set at ≤1.0 EU/l.
            Article 0 comments Cited 21 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Inflammation in end-stage renal disease--a fire that burns within.

              Peter Stenvinkel (2004)
              Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. As traditional risk factors cannot alone explain the unacceptable high prevalence and incidence of CVD in this population, inflammation (which is interrelated to insulin resistance, oxidative stress, wasting and endothelial dysfunction) has been suggested to be a significant contributor. Indeed, several different inflammatory biomarkers, such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), have been shown to independently predict mortality in ESRD patients. As CRP is so strongly associated with vascular disease it has been suggested that this hepatic-derived protein is not only a marker, but also a mediator of vascular disease. Indeed, recent in vitro data from studies on endothelial cells, monocytes-macrophages and smooth muscle cells support a direct role for CRP in atherogenesis. The causes of the highly prevalent state of inflammation in ESRD are multiple, including decreased renal function, volume overload, comorbidity and intercurrent clinical events, factors associated with the dialysis procedure and genetic factors. Recent evidence suggests that several cytokine DNA polymorphisms may affect the inflammatory state as well as outcome in ESRD patients. As interventions directed towards traditional risk factors have, so far, not proven to be very effective, controlled studies are needed to evaluate if various pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological anti-inflammatory treatment strategies, alone or in combination, may be an option to affect the unacceptable high cardiovascular mortality rate in this patient group.
              Article 0 comments Cited 19 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BPU
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Blood Purif
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0253-5068
                Title: Blood Purification
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0253-5068
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9735
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2011
                Publication date (Print): August 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 March 2011
                Volume: 32
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 112-116
                Affiliations
                aDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and bRenal Unit, Department of Medicine, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Medical College, Bangkok, Thailand
                Author notes
                *Kearkiat Praditpornsilpa, MD, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok 10330 (Thailand), Tel. +662 252 6920, E-Mail kearkiat@hotmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: 324394 Other ID: Blood Purif 2011;32:112–116
                DOI: 10.1159/000324394
                PubMed ID: 21447946
                SO-VID: 0e7e0eea-bd64-48c2-b48d-1bdc133b5c40
                Copyright © © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 27 August 2010
                Date accepted : 14 January 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 1, Pages: 5
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Keywords: Endotoxin,Dialysate,Cytokine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                Keywords: Endotoxin, Dialysate, Cytokine

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content244

                See all similar

                Cited by2

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors121

                See all reference authors