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      Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21 °N, East Pacific Rise

      , , , , ,
      Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
      Elsevier BV

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          Submarine thermal sprirngs on the galapagos rift.

          The submarine hydrothermal activity on and near the Galápagos Rift has been explored with the aid of the deep submersible Alvin. Analyses of water samples from hydrothermal vents reveal that hydrothermal activity provides significant or dominant sources and sinks for several components of seawater; studies of conductive and convective heat transfer suggest that two-thirds of the heat lost from new oceanic lithosphere at the Galápagos Rift in the first million years may be vented from thermal springs, predominantly along the axial ridge within the rift valley. The vent areas are populated by animal communities. They appear to utilize chemosynthesis by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria to derive their entire energy supply from reactions between the seawater and the rocks at high temperatures, rather than photosynthesis.
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            Ridge crest hydrothermal activity and the balances of the major and minor elements in the ocean: The Galapagos data

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              East pacific rise: hot springs and geophysical experiments.

              Hydrothermal vents jetting out water at 380 degrees +/- 30 degrees C have been discovered on the axis of the East Pacific Rise. The hottest waters issue from mineralized chimneys and are blackened by sulfide precipitates. These hydrothermal springs are the sites of actively forming massive sulfide mineral deposits. Cooler springs are clear to milky and support exotic benthic communities of giant tube worms, clams, and crabs similar to those found at the Galápagos spreading center. Four prototype geophysical experiments were successfully conducted in and near the vent area: seismic refraction measurements with both source (thumper) and receivers on the sea floor, on-bottom gravity measurements, in situ magnetic gradiometer measurements from the submersible Alvin over a sea-floor magnetic reversal boundary, and an active electrical sounding experiment. These high-resolution determinations of crustal properties along the spreading center were made to gain knowledge of the source of new oceanic crust and marine magnetic anomalies, the nature of the axial magma chamber, and the depth of hydrothermal circulation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
                Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
                Elsevier BV
                00167037
                November 1985
                November 1985
                : 49
                : 11
                : 2197-2220
                Article
                10.1016/0016-7037(85)90222-4
                0eae9b20-9c12-4885-957d-2cca9d88a9f0
                © 1985

                http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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