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      Deepwater source variations during the last climatic cycle and their impact on the global deepwater circulation

      , , , , ,
      Paleoceanography
      American Geophysical Union (AGU)

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          The surface of the ice-age Earth.

          (1976)
          In the Northern Hemisphere the 18,000 B.P. world differed strikingly from the present in the huge land-based ice sheets, reaching approximately 3 km in thickness, and in a dramatic increase in the extent of pack ice and marine-based ice sheets. In the Southern Hemisphere the most striking contrast was the greater extent of sea ice. On land, grasslands, steppes, and deserts spread at the expense of forests. This change in vegetation, together with extensive areas of permanent ice and sandy outwash plains, caused an increase in global surface albedo over modern values. Sea level was lower by at least 85 m. The 18,000 B.P. oceans were characterized by: (i) marked steepening of thermal gradients along polar frontal systems, particularly in the North Atlantic and Antarctic; (ii) an equatorward displacement of polar frontal systems; (iii) general cooling of most surface waters, with a global average of -2.3 degrees C; (iv) increased cooling and up-welling along equatorial divergences in the Pacific and Atlantic; (v) low temperatures extending equatorward along the western coast of Africa, Australia, and South America, indicating increased upwelling and advection of cool waters; and (vi) nearly stable positions and temperatures of the central gyres in the subtropical Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans.
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            The distribution of 13C of ΣCO2 in the world oceans

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              North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the past 20,000 years linked to high-latitude surface temperature

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Paleoceanography
                Paleoceanography
                American Geophysical Union (AGU)
                08838305
                June 1988
                June 1988
                : 3
                : 3
                : 343-360
                Article
                10.1029/PA003i003p00343
                0ec7502e-8ebc-4971-82fc-16847ac65046
                © 1988

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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