16
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Concentraciones de Homocisteína Plasmática en Embarazadas y su Relación con el Desarrollo de Preeclampsia. Efecto de la Administración Prenatal de Acido Fólico Translated title: Plasma Homocysteine Concentration and its Relationship with the Development of Preeclampsia. Effect of Prenatal Administration of Folic Acid.

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          El aumento de la homocisteína en el plasma de las embarazadas que desarrollan preeclampsia/eclampsia, la razón de este aumento y su posible papel etiopatogénico en la toxemia del embarazo son objeto de controversia. Con la finalidad de conocer las concentraciones de homocisteína plasmática, en el primer y segundo trimestres del embarazo y el efecto que la administración de ácido fólico pudiera ejercer sobre ellas y en la prevención de preeclampsia, se estudiaron 96 mujeres embarazadas de bajos recursos económicos, que acudieron por primera vez a la consulta prenatal en el primer o segundo trimestres de gestación. Después de la extracción de sangre venosa en ayunas, a cada paciente se le entregaron comprimidos de 1 mg de ácido fólico con la instrucción de tomar uno diario y someterse a la extracción de sangre cada tres meses. En cada muestra se determinaron las concentraciones de homocisteína en plasma citratado, mediante el sistema IMX (Abbott Laboratories) y las de ácido fólico del suero, mediante radioinmunoanálisis (Diagnostic Products). La concentración de homocisteína basal fue de 4,0 ± 2,1 µmol/L en las embarazadas en el primer trimestre y 4,8 ± 2,1 µmol/L en las del segundo (p = N.S.), sin que estos valores se modificaran significativamente después de recibir ácido fólico. Un alto número de pacientes no cumplió con el estudio trimestral, sin embargo se conoció la evolución de 65 de ellas, 10 (15,4%) de las cuales desarrollaron preeclampsia. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las concentraciones de homocisteína ni entre la frecuencia de hiperhomocisteinemia entre las mujeres con embarazo normal y las que desarrollaron preeclampsia. Se concluye que las concentraciones de homocisteína plasmática, no variaron con la edad del embarazo ni con la administración de ácido fólico y que este último no influenció la aparición de preeclampsia en la población estudiada.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract. The increase of plasmatic homocysteine (Hc) in pregnant women, who later develop preeclampsia/eclampsia, the cause of this increment and its pathogenic role in toxemia of pregnancy, are still controversial. The objectives of the present research were to determine the plasmatic Hc concentrations during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and the effect of folic acid administration on these values, and in the prevention of preeclampsia. Ninety six pregnant women of low economic background were studied on the first prenatal consultation: 27 women in the first trimester of pregnancy and 59 in the second. After 8 hours of fasting, venous blood was extracted and each patient was provided with 1 mg folic acid tablets and instructed to ingest one tablet daily, and to come back to the laboratory after three months. Plasma homocysteine and serum folic acid were determined for each patient before and after the folic acid treatment, by using the IMX system (Abbott Lab) and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Basal homocysteine concentrations were 4.0 ± 2.1 µmol/L and 4.8 ± 2.1 µmol/L in the first and second trimesters respectively, with no significant modifications after three months of folic acid. Although the degree of desertion from the study was high, it was possible to determine the evolution of 65 pregnancies. Ten of them developed preeclampsia (15.4%). No significant differences were found in Hc concentrations, or the frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia in the different stages of pregnancy, between women with normal gestation and those who developed preeclampsia. The small sample size of these groups, preclude any valid conclusion, however the results do not suggest that Hc concentration or folic acid administration influence the development of toxemia of pregnancy.

          Related collections

          Most cited references36

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population.

          To describe the distribution of plasma homocysteine concentrations in an elderly population and to analyze the relationship between homocysteine level and intake of vitamins and serum levels of vitamins that serve as coenzymes in homocysteine metabolism. Cross-sectional analysis of homocysteine levels and vitamin blood levels and intake in elderly participants in the Framingham Study. Population-based cohort in Framingham, Mass. A total of 1160 adult survivors, aged 67 to 96 years, from the original Framingham Heart Study cohort. Plasma homocysteine concentration correlated with plasma folate, vitamin B12, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), and oral intakes of these vitamins, and the contribution of these vitamins to the prevalence of elevated homocysteine in the population. Homocysteine levels were positively correlated with age after controlling for vitamin concentrations. After controlling for age, sex, and levels of other vitamins, homocysteine exhibited a strong inverse association with plasma folate. When subjects were grouped by deciles of plasma folate, mean homocysteine was significantly higher in the lowest two folate deciles (15.6 and 13.7 mumol/L, respectively) than in the highest decile (11.0 mumol/L). Homocysteine demonstrated weaker, inverse associations with plasma vitamin B12 and PLP. Similar inverse associations were demonstrated between homocysteine and intakes of folate and vitamin B6, but not vitamin B12. Prevalence of high homocysteine (> 14 mumol/L) was 29.3% in this cohort, and was greatest among subjects with low folate status. Inadequate plasma concentrations of one or more B vitamins appear to contribute to 67% of the cases of high homocysteine. These results indicate a strong association between homocysteine concentration and folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 status, as well as age. It is possible that a substantial majority of the cases of high homocysteine in this older population can be attributed to vitamin status.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia.

            Several years ago the hypothesis was advanced that alterations of endothelial function could explain much of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Since that time, extensive data have been generated to support the hypothesis. Markers of endothelial activation can be demonstrated in women with overt preeclampsia. More importantly, many of these markers precede clinically evident disease and disappear with resolution of the disease. The original postulate was that materials produced by the poorly perfused placenta, which is characteristic of preeclampsia, entered the systemic circulation and altered endothelial cell activity. This was proposed to change vascular sensitivity to circulating pressors, activate coagulation, and reduce vascular integrity resulting in the pathophysiological changes of preeclampsia. As data have accumulated it has become increasingly evident that the insult to the endothelium is neither toxicity nor nonspecific injury but rather can better be characterized as endothelial activation. Candidate molecules have been suggested but not established. It seems likely that the responsible agent(s) will not be unique molecules but rather usual molecules present in excessive amounts. The hypothesis has been expanded to invoke involvement of the maternal constitution in the generation of endothelial injury and injurants. This concept is stimulated by the observation that reduced placental perfusion per se is not sufficient to generate the maternal syndrome. Women with growth-restricted fetuses frequently are not preeclamptic. Placental bed biopsies from not only growth-restricted but also prematurely born infants demonstrate failure of the physiological remodeling of decidual vessels responsible for the reduced placental perfusion of preeclampsia. This has led to the concept that preeclampsia is secondary to an interaction of reduced placental perfusion and maternal factors. Interestingly these maternal factors, obesity, insulin resistance, black race, hypertension, and elevated plasma homocysteine concentration are all risk factors for atherosclerosis in later life.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Folic acid and homocyst(e)ine metabolic defects and the risk of placental abruption, pre-eclampsia and spontaneous pregnancy loss: A systematic review.

              Placental infarction or abruption, recurrent pregnancy loss and pre-eclampsia are thought to arise due to defects within the placental vascular bed. Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate, or other abnormalities within the methionine-homocyst(e)ine pathway have been implicated in the development of such placental diseases. We conducted a systematic literature review to quantify the risk of placental disease in the presence of these metabolic defects. Studies were identified through OVID Medline between 1966 and February 1999. Terms relating to the measurement of vitamin B12, folic acid, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase or homocyst(e)ine were combined with those of pre-eclampsia, placental abruption/infarction or spontaneous and habitual abortion. Human studies comprising both cases and controls and published in the English language were accepted. Their references were explored for other publications. Data were abstracted on the matching of cases with controls, the mean levels of folate, B12 or homocyst(e)ine in each group or the frequency of the homozygous state for the thermolabile variant of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. The definition of 'abnormal' for each exposure was noted and the presence or absence of the exposure of interest for each outcome was calculated as an absolute rate with a 95 per cent confidence interval. The crude odds ratios were calculated for each study and then pooled using a random effects model. Eighteen studies were finally included. Eight studies examined the risk of placental abruption/infarction in the presence of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, or hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia. Folate deficiency was a prominent risk factor for placental abruption/infarction among four studies, though not statistically significant (pooled odds ratio 25.9, 95 per cent CI 0.9-736.3). Hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia was also associated with placental abruption/infarction both without (pooled odds ratio 5.3, 95 per cent CI 1.8-15.9) and with methionine loading (pooled odds ratio 4.2, 95 per cent CI 1.2-15.0), as was the homozygous state for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (pooled odds ratio 2.3, 95 per cent CI 1.1-4.9). Vitamin B12 deficiency was not a demonstrable risk factor. Eight studies examined blood levels among women with spontaneous abortion or recurrent pregnancy loss. The pooled odds ratios were 3.4 (95 per cent CI 1.2-9.9) for folate deficiency, 3.7 (95 per cent CI 0.96-16.5) for hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia following methionine challenge, and 3.3 (95 per cent CI 1.2-9.2) for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation. Five case-control studies examined the relationship between pre-eclampsia and abnormal levels of vitamin B12, folate, homocyst(e)ine or methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Folate deficiency was not an associated risk factor (odds ratio 1.2, 95 per cent CI 0.5-2.7), but hyper-homocyst(e)inaemia was (pooled odds ratio 20.9, 95 per cent CI 3.6-121.6). Similarly, homozygosity for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase thermolabile variant was associated with a moderate risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio 2.6, 95 per cent CI 1.4-5.1). Some pooled data were associated with significant statistical heterogeneity, however. There is a general agreement among several observational studies that folate deficiency, hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia and homozygosity for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase thermolabile variant are probable risk factors for placenta-mediated diseases, such as pre-eclampsia, spontaneous abortion and placental abruption. Vitamin B12 deficiency is less well defined as an important risk factor. Due to the limited quality of these data, including insufficient matching of cases with controls, and possible laboratory measurement bias relating to pregnancy, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and guide future preventative and therapeutic research. Copyright 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ic
                Investigación Clínica
                Invest. clín
                Universidad del Zulia (Maracaibo )
                0535-5133
                June 2005
                : 46
                : 2
                : 179-186
                Affiliations
                [1 ] ULA
                [2 ] ULA Venezuela
                Article
                S0535-51332005000200009
                0ef21feb-3226-40b3-a9e8-b28961b39cf7

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0535-5133&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

                Medicine
                Homocysteine,preeclampsia,folic acid,Homocisteína,ácido fólico
                Medicine
                Homocysteine, preeclampsia, folic acid, Homocisteína, ácido fólico

                Comments

                Comment on this article