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      International Journal of Nanomedicine (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on the application of nanotechnology in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery systems throughout the biomedical field. Sign up for email alerts here.

      105,621 Monthly downloads/views I 7.033 Impact Factor I 10.9 CiteScore I 1.22 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 1.032 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      A new strategy for accurate targeted diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous malignant melanoma: dual-mode phase-change lipid nanodroplets as ultrasound contrast agents

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          Abstract

          Background

          Currently, effective detection and treatment of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) still face severe challenges. Ultrasound molecular imaging as a noninvasive and easy-to-operate method is expected to bring improvements for tumor detection.

          Purpose

          The aim of this research is to prepare novel phase-change ultrasound contrast agents, Nds-IR780, which can perform not only dual-mode molecule-targeted imaging but also targeted photothermal therapy for CMM.

          Methods

          A double emulsion process was used to prepare the Nds-IR780. Then, the entrapment rate and drug loading of IR-780 iodide in Nds-IR780 were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The biocompatibility of Nds-IR780 was evaluated by a CCK-8 assay and the characteristics and stability of that were verified through the particle size analyzer, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The abilities of dual-mode molecule-targeted imaging and targeted photothermal therapy for Nds-IR780 were confirmed via the in vitro and in vivo experiments.

          Results

          Nds-IR780 had good size distribution, polydispersity index, stability and biosafety. The in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that Nds-IR780 were capable of targeting CMM cells with high affinity (22.4±3.2%) and facilitating dual-mode imaging to detect the primary lesion and sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) of CMM. Furthermore, the photothermal ablation of CMM mediated by Nds-IR780 was very effective in vivo.

          Conclusion

          The newly prepared Nds-IR780 were observed to be effective targeted theranostic probe for the precise detection and targeted treatment of CMM.

          Most cited references20

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          Dual-Peak Absorbing Semiconducting Copolymer Nanoparticles for First and Second Near-Infrared Window Photothermal Therapy: A Comparative Study

          Yuyan Jiang, Jingchao Li, Xu Zhen … (2018)
          Near-infrared (NIR) light is widely used for noninvasive optical diagnosis and phototherapy. However, current research focuses on the first NIR window (NIR-I, 650-950 nm), while the second NIR window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) is far less exploited. The development of the first organic photothermal nanoagent (SPNI-II ) with dual-peak absorption in both NIR windows and its utilization in photothermal therapy (PTT) are reported herein. Such a nanoagent comprises a semiconducting copolymer with two distinct segments that respectively and identically absorb NIR light at 808 and 1064 nm. With the photothermal conversion efficiency of 43.4% at 1064 nm generally higher than other inorganic nanomaterials, SPNI-II enables superior deep-tissue heating at 1064 nm over that at 808 nm at their respective safety limits. Model deep-tissue cancer PTT at a tissue depth of 5 mm validates the enhanced antitumor effect of SPNI-II when shifting laser irradiation from the NIR-I to the NIR-II window. The good biodistribution and facile synthesis of SPNI-II also allow it to be doped with an NIR dye for fluorescence-imaging-guided NIR-II PTT through systemic administration. Thus, this study paves the way for the development of new polymeric nanomaterials to advance phototherapy.
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            Recent advances in nanomaterials for enhanced photothermal therapy of tumors.

            Jing-Jing Hu, Ying-Jia Cheng, Xian-Zheng Zhang (2018)
            Nowadays, photothermal therapy (PTT) utilizing photothermal conversion agents (PTAs) to generate sufficient heat under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation for tumor ablation has attracted extensive research attention. Despite the great advancement, the therapeutic efficacy of PTT in tumor treatment is still compromised by several obstacles, such as low photothermal conversion efficiency, poor stability of PTAs, inadequate tumor accumulation and cellular uptake, and thermal-resistance of tumors, as well as tumor recurrence and metastasis. In this review, we highlight recent advances in nanomaterials that focus on overcoming the above obstacles and thus enhancing the therapeutic outcome of PTT. PTAs with improved photothermal performance and modification strategies for efficient PTT are summarized, which are further classified into three main types, utilizing activatable PTAs, improving the local concentration of PTAs, and overcoming intrinsic drawbacks of PTT (e.g., heat shock responses). Furthermore, the limitations and challenges of nanomaterials for enhanced PTT are also discussed.
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              Nanobubble-Affibody: Novel ultrasound contrast agents for targeted molecular ultrasound imaging of tumor.

              Hengli Yang, Wenbin Cai, Lei Xu … (2015)
              Nanobubbles (NBs), as novel ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs), have attracted increasing attention in the field of molecular ultrasound imaging for tumors. However, the preparation of uniform-sized NBs is considered to be controversial, and poor tumor selectivity in in vivo imaging has been reported. In this study, we fabricated uniform nano-sized NBs (478.2 ± 29.7 nm with polydispersity index of 0.164 ± 0.044, n = 3) using a thin-film hydration method by controlling the thickness of phospholipid films; we then conjugated the NBs with Affibody molecules to produce nano-sized UCAs referred to as NB-Affibody with specific affinity to human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-overexpressing tumors. NB-Affibody presented good ultrasound enhancement, demonstrating a peak intensity of 104.5 ± 2.1 dB under ultrasound contrast scanning. Ex vivo experiments further confirmed that the NB-Affibody conjugates were capable of targeting HER2-expressing tumor cells in vivo with high affinity. The newly prepared nano-sized NB-Affibody conjugates were observed to be novel targeted UCAs for efficient and safe specific molecular imaging and may have potential applications in early cancer quantitative diagnosis and targeted therapy in the future.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Nanomedicine
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Nanomedicine
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJN
                Journal ID (pmc): intjnano
                Title: International Journal of Nanomedicine
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Print): 1176-9114
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 September 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 14
                Pages: 7079-7093
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Air Force General Hospital , Beijing, People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tang Du Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
                [3 ]Special Diagnosis Department, General Hospital of Tibet Military Command , Lhasa, People’s Republic of China
                [4 ]Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital , Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Yunyou DuanDepartment of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tang Du Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi’an710038, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail duanyy@fmmu.edu.cn
                Kechun YaoDepartment of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Air Force General Hospital , Beijing100036, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail yaokc1959@hotmail.com
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work

                Article
                Publisher ID: 207419
                DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S207419
                PMC ID: 6731466
                PubMed ID: 31564866
                SO-VID: 0f02368f-99c7-41fd-a90f-7d9a60dc0ccc
                Copyright © © 2019 Yang et al.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 03 March 2019
                Date accepted : 01 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 10, References: 28, Pages: 15
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: cmm,dual-mode phase-change nanodroplets,targeted accurate diagnosis and treatment
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: cmm, dual-mode phase-change nanodroplets, targeted accurate diagnosis and treatment

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