Heat Shock Proteins in Vascular Diabetic Complications: Review and Future Perspective

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Abstract

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large family of proteins highly conserved throughout evolution because of their unique cytoprotective properties. Besides assisting protein refolding and regulating proteostasis under stressful conditions, HSPs also play an important role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Therefore, HSPs are crucial in counteracting the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia in target organs of diabetes vascular complications. Changes in HSP expression have been demonstrated in diabetic complications and functionally related to hyperglycemia-induced cell injury. Moreover, associations between diabetic complications and altered circulating levels of both HSPs and anti-HSPs have been shown in clinical studies. HSPs thus represent an exciting therapeutic opportunity and might also be valuable as clinical biomarkers. However, this field of research is still in its infancy and further studies in both experimental diabetes and humans are required to gain a full understanding of HSP relevance. In this review, we summarize current knowledge and discuss future perspective.

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The heat shock response: life on the verge of death.

Klaus Richter, Martin Haslbeck, Johannes Buchner (2010)

Organisms must survive a variety of stressful conditions, including sudden temperature increases that damage important cellular structures and interfere with essential functions. In response to heat stress, cells activate an ancient signaling pathway leading to the transient expression of heat shock or heat stress proteins (Hsps). Hsps exhibit sophisticated protection mechanisms, and the most conserved Hsps are molecular chaperones that prevent the formation of nonspecific protein aggregates and assist proteins in the acquisition of their native structures. In this Review, we summarize the concepts of the protective Hsp network. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Diabetic kidney disease: a report from an ADA Consensus Conference.

Katherine Tuttle, George L. Bakris, Rudolf W. Bilous … (2014)

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus have grown significantly throughout the world, due primarily to the increase in type 2 diabetes. This overall increase in the number of people with diabetes has had a major impact on development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), one of the most frequent complications of both types of diabetes. DKD is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), accounting for approximately 50% of cases in the developed world. Although incidence rates for ESRD attributable to DKD have recently stabilized, these rates continue to rise in high-risk groups such as middle-aged African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics. The costs of care for people with DKD are extraordinarily high. In the Medicare population alone, DKD-related expenditures among this mostly older group were nearly $25 billion in 2011. Due to the high human and societal costs, the Consensus Conference on Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes was convened by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American Society of Nephrology and the National Kidney Foundation to appraise issues regarding patient management, highlighting current practices and new directions. Major topic areas in DKD included (1) identification and monitoring, (2) cardiovascular disease and management of dyslipidemia, (3) hypertension and use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade and mineralocorticoid receptor blockade, (4) glycemia measurement, hypoglycemia, and drug therapies, (5) nutrition and general care in advanced-stage chronic kidney disease, (6) children and adolescents, and (7) multidisciplinary approaches and medical home models for health care delivery. This current state summary and research recommendations are designed to guide advances in care and the generation of new knowledge that will meaningfully improve life for people with DKD.

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A chaperome subnetwork safeguards proteostasis in aging and neurodegenerative disease.

Marc Brehme, Cindy Voisine, Thomas Rolland … (2014)

Chaperones are central to the proteostasis network (PN) and safeguard the proteome from misfolding, aggregation, and proteotoxicity. We categorized the human chaperome of 332 genes into network communities using function, localization, interactome, and expression data sets. During human brain aging, expression of 32% of the chaperome, corresponding to ATP-dependent chaperone machines, is repressed, whereas 19.5%, corresponding to ATP-independent chaperones and co-chaperones, are induced. These repression and induction clusters are enhanced in the brains of those with Alzheimer's, Huntington's, or Parkinson's disease. Functional properties of the chaperome were assessed by perturbation in C. elegans and human cell models expressing Aβ, polyglutamine, and Huntingtin. Of 219 C. elegans orthologs, knockdown of 16 enhanced both Aβ and polyQ-associated toxicity. These correspond to 28 human orthologs, of which 52% and 41% are repressed, respectively, in brain aging and disease and 37.5% affected Huntingtin aggregation in human cells. These results identify a critical chaperome subnetwork that functions in aging and disease.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms

Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067

Publication date (Electronic): 14 December 2017

Publication date Collection: December 2017

Volume: 18

Issue: 12

Electronic Location Identifier: 2709

Affiliations

[1 ]Laboratory of Diabetic Nephropathy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; stefania.bellini@ 123456unito.it (S.B.); federica.barutta@ 123456unito.it (F.B.); limperat@ 123456unito.it (L.I.); graziella.bruno@ 123456unito.it (G.B.)

[2 ]Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy; raffaella.mastrocola@ 123456unito.it

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[* ]Correspondence: gabriella.gruden@ 123456unito.it ; Tel.: +39-011-633-6035

[†]

These authors contribute equally to this work.

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Raffaella Mastrocola https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6129

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Publisher ID: ijms-18-02709

DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122709

PMC ID: 5751310

PubMed ID: 29240668

SO-VID: 0f27e6ef-a74e-4653-9b6f-4e913d295579

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Heat Shock Proteins in Vascular Diabetic Complications: Review and Future Perspective

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Most cited references 141

The heat shock response: life on the verge of death.

Diabetic kidney disease: a report from an ADA Consensus Conference.

A chaperome subnetwork safeguards proteostasis in aging and neurodegenerative disease.

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