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      Renoprotective Effect of Plantago major Against Proteinuria and Apoptosis Induced by Adriamycin in Rat

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          Abstract

          Objective

          Adriamycin (ADR) is an important anti-cancer drug which can cause renal toxicity. Given the known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Plantago major (P. major), the aim of this study was to determine the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of P. major on ADR- induced nephropathy in rats.

          Methods

          Fifty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups including: control, ADR (5 mg/kg), ADR + P. major (600 and 1200 mg/kg) and P. major (1200 mg/kg). The animals were treated with P. major extract for 5 consecutive weeks and ADR was intravenously injected on the 7th day of the study. Urine and serum samples were collected on days 0, 14, 21, 28, and 35 for the measurement of serum cholesterol and albumin levels and urine protein excretion rate. At the end of the study, the left kidneys were removed for apoptosis assessment.

          Results

          Administration of ADR significantly decreased serum albumin level and increased serum cholesterol and urine protein excretion rate as well as, apoptotic cell numbers compared to the control group ( P < 0.001) while had no effect on glomerular filtration rate ( P > 0.05). Treatment with P. major, in both 600 and 1200 mg/kg doses, increased serum albumin level and decreased serum cholesterol concentration, urine protein excretion rate and as well as the number of apoptotic cell compared to the ADR group ( P < 0.001).

          Conclusion

          Our results showed that the P. major extract effectively protects against ADR- induced nephropathy by reducing kidney apoptosis and improving renal functioning in rats.

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          The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review

          Anne Berit C Samuelsen (2000)
          Plantago major L. leaves have been used as a wound healing remedy for centuries in almost all parts of the world and in the treatment of a number of diseases apart from wound healing. These include diseases related to the skin, respiratory organs, digestive organs, reproduction, the circulation, against cancer, for pain relief and against infections. P. major contains biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides, lipids, caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids, iridoid glycosides and terpenoids. Alkaloids and some organic acids have also been detected. A range of biological activities has been found from plant extracts including wound healing activity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, weak antibiotic, immuno modulating and antiulcerogenic activity. Some of these effects may attribute to the use of this plant in folk medicine.
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            Doxorubicin Induced Nephrotoxicity: Protective Effect of Nicotinamide

            SULE AYLA, Ismail Seckin, Gamze Tanriverdi … (2011)
            Introduction. Nephrotoxicity is one of the important side effects of anthracycline antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotinamide (NAD), an antioxidant agent, against nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DXR). Methods. The rats were divided into control, NAD alone, doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and DXR plus NAD (200 mg/kg, i.p.) groups. At the end of the 10th day, kidney tissues were removed for light microscopy and analysis. The level of tissues' catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) activities were determined. Results. The activities of CAT, GPx, and GSH were decreased, and Po was increased in renal tissue of doxorubicin group compared with other groups. The tissue of the doxorubicin group showed some histopathological changes such as glomerular vacuolization and degeneration, adhesion to Bowman's capsule and thickening and untidiness of tubular and glomerular capillary basement membranes. Histopathological examination showed that NAD prevented partly DXR-induced tubular and glomerular damage. Conclusions. Pretreatment with NAD protected renal tissues against DXR-induced nephrotoxicity. Preventive effects of NAD on these renal lesions may be via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action.
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              Protective effect of lycopene on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

              Engin Sahna, A Ateşşahin, S. OZER … (2006)
              The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of lycopene on adriamycin (ADR)-induced heart and kidney toxicity using biochemical and histopathological approaches. Rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group received no medication and was regarded as the control group; the second group was injected with a single dose of ADR; the third group was treated with lycopene for 10 days before ADR injection and the last group was treated with lycopene for 2 days before and for 3 days after the administration of a single dose of ADR. ADR (10mg/kg) was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected as a single dose and lycopene (4 mg/kg) was administered in corn oil by gavage. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in both the heart and kidneys were higher in the group treated with ADR alone than in the control group, and were lower in the groups administered with lycopene than in the ADR alone group. Although the activity of catalase (CAT) in the heart was higher in the ADR alone group than in the control group, it was lower in the kidneys. In particular, treatment with lycopene post-injection normalized both cardiac and kidney CAT activities. In heart and kidney tissues, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were not significantly different between all groups. Significant increases in the levels of plasma creatinine and urea were observed in the ADR group when compared to the control group, and these increases were normalized by lycopene treatment. Cardiac and renal histopathological changes were observed in the ADR group as compared to the control group. In contrast, these histopathological changes appeared nearly normal in the groups treated with lycopene pre- and post-injection. In conclusion, this study clearly indicated that ADR treatment markedly impaired cardiac and renal function and that treatment with lycopene might prevent this toxicity in rats.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Pharmacopuncture
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Pharmacopuncture
                Title: Journal of Pharmacopuncture
                Publisher: The Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute (KPI)
                ISSN (Print): 2093-6966
                ISSN (Electronic): 2234-6856
                Publication date (Print): March 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 March 2019
                Volume: 22
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 35-40
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Physiology, faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                [2 ]Student Research Committee, faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                [3 ]Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                [4 ]Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                [5 ]Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding Author: Abolfazl Khajavi Rad. Associate Professor of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran., Tel: +98-513-882-8565 Fax: +98-513-882-8564, E-mail: khajavirada@ 123456mums.ac.ir
                [†]

                The author had an equal contribution as the first author.

                Article
                Publisher ID: 2093-6966-v22-n03-035
                DOI: 10.3831/KPI.2019.22.004
                PMC ID: 6461299
                PubMed ID: 30988999
                SO-VID: 0f30438f-6b1a-448f-aba7-ee8460bd1498
                Copyright © © 2019 Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute
                License:

                This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 17 October 2018
                Date revision received : 06 November 2018
                Date accepted : 11 February 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: adriamycin,nephrotic syndrome,plantago major,apoptosis,rat,extract
                Data availability:
                Keywords: adriamycin, nephrotic syndrome, plantago major, apoptosis, rat, extract

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