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      Multimorbidity patterns among COVID-19 deaths: proposal for the construction of etiological models Translated title: Patrones de multimorbilidad entre los casos fatales de COVID-19: propuesta para la construcción de modelos etiológicos

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          ABSTRACT

          Objectives.

          To describe patterns of multimorbidity among fatal cases of COVID-19, and to propose a classification of patients based on age and multimorbidity patterns to begin the construction of etiological models.

          Methods.

          Data of Colombian confirmed deaths of COVID-19 until June 11, 2020, were included in this analysis (n=1488 deaths). Relationships between COVID-19, combinations of health conditions and age were explored using locally weighted polynomial regressions.

          Results.

          The most frequent health conditions were high blood pressure, respiratory disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. Dyads more frequents were high blood pressure with diabetes, cardiovascular disease or respiratory disease. Some multimorbidity patterns increase probability of death among older individuals, whereas other patterns are not age-related, or decrease the probability of death among older people. Not all multimorbidity increases with age, as is commonly thought. Obesity, alone or with other diseases, was associated with a higher risk of severity among young people, while the risk of the high blood pressure/diabetes dyad tends to have an inverted U distribution in relation with age.

          Conclusions.

          Classification of individuals according to multimorbidity in the medical management of COVID-19 patients is important to determine the possible etiological models and to define patient triage for hospitalization. Moreover, identification of non-infected individuals with high-risk ages and multimorbidity patterns serves to define possible interventions of selective confinement or special management.

          RESUMEN

          Objetivos.

          Describir los patrones de multimorbilidad entre los casos fatales de COVID-19, y proponer una clasificación de los pacientes basada en la edad y los patrones de multimorbilidad para iniciar la construcción de modelos etiológicos.

          Métodos.

          Se incluyeron los datos de las muertes confirmadas por COVID-19 en Colombia hasta el 11 de junio de 2020 (n=1 488 muertes). Se exploraron las relaciones entre la COVID-19, las combinaciones de enfermedades y la edad utilizando regresiones polinómicas con ponderación local.

          Resultados.

          Las enfermedades más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial, las enfermedades respiratorias, la diabetes, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y las enfermedades renales. Las díadas más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial combinada con diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares o enfermedades respiratorias. Algunos patrones de multimorbilidad aumentan la probabilidad de morir en las personas mayores, mientras que otros no están relacionados con la edad o disminuyen la probabilidad de morir en las personas mayores. A diferencia de lo que con frecuencia se considera, no toda la multimorbilidad aumenta con la edad. La obesidad, aislada o combinada con otras enfermedades, se asocia con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad grave en los jóvenes, mientras que el riesgo de la díada hipertensión arterial/diabetes tiende a tener una distribución en U invertida en relación con la edad.

          Conclusiones.

          La clasificación de los individuos según la multimorbilidad en el manejo médico de los pacientes con COVID-19 es importante para determinar los posibles modelos etiológicos y definir el triaje de los pacientes para su hospitalización. Además, la identificación de los individuos no infectados con edades y patrones de multimorbilidad de alto riesgo sirve para definir posibles intervenciones de confinamiento selectivo o manejo especial.

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          Most cited references36

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          THE USE OF CONFIDENCE OR FIDUCIAL LIMITS ILLUSTRATED IN THE CASE OF THE BINOMIAL

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            The Use of Confidence or Fiducial Limits Illustrated in the Case of the Binomial

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              Locally Weighted Regression: An Approach to Regression Analysis by Local Fitting

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                30 December 2020
                2020
                : 44
                : e166
                Affiliations
                [1 ] normalizedUniversidad del Norte Barranquilla Colombia originalUniversidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.
                [2 ] normalizedNortheastern University Silicon Valley United States of America originalNortheastern University, Silicon Valley, United States of America
                [3 ] normalizedUniversidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Colombia originalUniversidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
                Author notes
                Julián A. Fernández-Niño aninoj@ 123456uninorte.edu.co
                Article
                RPSP.2020.166
                10.26633/RPSP.2020.166
                7778468
                33417654
                0fab17d5-f78c-4648-aa6c-76d64596a173

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. No modifications or commercial use of this article are permitted. In any reproduction of this article there should not be any suggestion that PAHO or this article endorse any specific organization or products. The use of the PAHO logo is not permitted. This notice should be preserved along with the article’s original URL.

                History
                : 15 June 2020
                : 15 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 33
                Categories
                Original Research

                betacoronavirus,multimorbidity,medical care,mortality,colombia,multimorbilidad,atención médica,mortalidad

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