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      Plasma Glycated Albumin Levels Clearly Detect Hearing Loss and Atherosclerosis in Patients with Impaired Fasting Glucose

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          Abstract

          Objective

          To describe the relationship between atherosclerosis and hearing thresholds in prediabetic patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and to determine the efficacy of glycated albumin in predicting carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with isolated IFG.

          Subjects and Methods

          The study included 82 patients (aged 53.73-80 years) divided into two groups based on fasting glucose levels, the IFG group: 59 patients (32 females, 54.2%), and the normal fasting plasma glucose level group: 23 patients (12 females, 52.2%). Patients underwent audiological testing to determine hearing thresholds, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was measured using carotid artery Doppler sonography. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine whether or not the plasma glycated albumin levels could predict hearing loss and CIMT.

          Results

          Patients in the IFG group (mean age: 59.8 ± 9.5 years) had higher hearing thresholds and pure-tone average scores (PTA) than those in the group with normal glucose levels (mean age: 56.2 ± 10.1 years) (left ear: 27.65 ± 8.85 vs. 25.75 ± 21.96 dB, p = 0.021; right ear: 29.22 ± 8.51 vs. 22.39 ± 6.99 dB, p = 0.001). The CIMT was significantly higher in the IFG group than the control group (0.75 ± 0.26 vs. 0.56 ± 0.16 mm, p < 0.001 for the left and 0.74 ± 0.26 vs. 0.51 ± 0.19 mm, p < 0.001 for the right carotid arteries). Glycated albumin levels were independently related with increased CIMT (left CIMT: r = 0.32, p = 0.003; right CIMT: r = 0.42, p < 0.001), and serum glycated albumin levels were significantly associated with PTA (left ear: r = 0.28, p = 0.01; right ear: r = 0.30, p = 0.006).

          Conclusion

          Sensorineural hearing loss was more common in patients with IFG. Plasma glycated albumin levels were strongly correlated with CIMT and carotid plaques as a marker of atherosclerosis and with hearing impairment thought to develop due to atherosclerosis in patients with IFG.

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          Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults

          Ilhan Satman, Beyhan Omer, Yildiz Tutuncu … (2013)
          There is concern about an emerging diabetes epidemic in Turkey. We aimed to determine the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes and their 12-year trends and to identify risk factors for diabetes in the adult Turkish population. A cross-sectional, population-based survey, ‘TURDEP-II’ included 26,499 randomly sampled adults aged ≥ 20 years (response rate: 87 %). Fasting glucose and biochemical parameters were measured in all; then a OGTT was performed to identify diabetes and prediabetes in eligible participants. The prevalence of diabetes was 16.5 % (new 7.5 %), translating to 6.5 million adults with diabetes in Turkey. It was higher in women than men (p = 0.008). The age-standardized prevalence to the TURDEP-I population (performed in 1997–98) was 13.7 % (if same diagnostic definition was applied diabetes prevalence is calculated 11.4 %). The prevalence of isolated-IFG and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and combined prediabetes was 14.7, 7.9, and 8.2 %, respectively; and that of obesity 36 % and hypertension 31.4 %. Compared to TURDEP-I; the rate of increase for diabetes: 90 %, IGT: 106 %, obesity: 40 % and central obesity: 35 %, but hypertension decreased by 11 % during the last 12 years. In women age, waist, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, low education, and living environment; in men age, BMI, and hypertension were independently associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes. In women current smoking, and in men being single were associated with a reduced risk. These results from one of the largest nationally representative surveys carried out so far show that diabetes has rapidly become a major public health challenge in Turkey. The figures are alarming and underscore the urgent need for national programs to prevent diabetes, to manage the illness and thus prevent complications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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            The effect of diabetes on sensorineural hearing loss.

            Venkata Kakarlapudi, Hinrich Staecker, Robert Sawyer (2003)
            To identify whether patients with diabetes have a higher incidence of sensorineural hearing loss than the general population and examine whether control of diabetes is related to severity of hearing loss. Retrospective database review; complete data mining of electronic medical record from 1989 to present. Tertiary referral center. Electronic medical records from 53461 nondiabetic age-matched patients and 12575 diabetic patients were reviewed. Presence or absence of diabetes and/or sensorineural hearing loss, serum creatinine, pure tone hearing (dB), speech discrimination (%), serum cholesterol, and triglycerides. Sensorineural hearing loss was more common in the diabetic patients than in age0matched nondiabetic patients from the same institutions. Poor control of diabetes, as measured by increasing serum creatinine, but not apparent in hemoglobin A1C laboratory data, correlated with worsening hearing in patients with diabetes who had sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss was more common in patients with diabetes than in the control nondiabetic patients, and severity of hearing loss seemed to correlate with progression of disease as reflected in serum creatinine. This may have been due to microangiopathic disease in the inner ear.
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              The prevalence of hearing impairment and associated risk factors: the Beaver Dam Offspring Study.

              James S. Pankow, Ronald Klein, F Nieto … (2011)
              To estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment (HI) and evaluate the cross-sectional associations of environmental and cardiovascular disease risk factors and HI in middle-aged adults. Data were collected as part of the Beaver Dam Offspring Study, an epidemiological cohort study of aging. Hearing impairment was defined as a pure-tone average (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 kHz) greater than 25 db hearing level in either ear. Word recognition in competing message (WRCM) was measured using the Northwestern University No. 6 word list. Questionnaire information about behaviors, environmental factors, and medical history was also collected. The participants (N = 3285) were offspring of participants of the population-based Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study and ranged in age from 21 to 84 years (mean age, 49 years). The prevalence of HI was 14.1%, and the mean (SD) WRCM score was 64% (15%). In a multivariate model, after age, sex, education, and occupational noise were controlled for, a history of ear surgery (odds ratio [OR], 4.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.37-7.15), a larger central retinal venular equivalent (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.20-2.60 [fourth quartile vs first quartile]), and a higher hematocrit percentage (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.95 [per 5%]) were independently associated with HI. Factors associated with lower WRCM scores were similar but also included mean intima-media thickness (mean difference, -0.63%; 95% CI, -1.06% to -0.19%; P = .005 [per 0.1 mm]) and statin use (mean difference, -2.09%; 95% CI, -3.58% to -0.60%; P = .005). Hearing impairment is a common condition in middle-aged adults. Cardiovascular disease risk factors may be important correlates of age-related auditory dysfunction.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Med Princ Pract
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Med Princ Pract
                Journal ID (publisher-id): MPP
                Title: Medical Principles and Practice
                Publisher: S. Karger AG (Allschwilerstrasse 10, P.O. Box · Postfach · Case postale, CH–4009, Basel, Switzerland · Schweiz · Suisse, Phone: +41 61 306 11 11, Fax: +41 61 306 12 34, karger@karger.ch )
                ISSN (Print): 1011-7571
                ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0151
                Publication date (Print): June 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 May 2016
                Publication date PMC-release: 10 May 2016
                Volume: 25
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 309-315
                Affiliations
                [1] aDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara, Turkey
                [2] bDepartment of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
                [3] cDepartment of Radiology, Ufuk University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
                Author notes
                *Dr. Hande Ezerarslan, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ufuk University Medical School, Balgat, TR—06520 Ankara (Turkey), E-Mail handearslan5@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: mpp-0025-0309
                DOI: 10.1159/000446478
                PMC ID: 5588429
                PubMed ID: 27165099
                SO-VID: 0fada24f-cfac-4f07-a2ad-b731ff96a477
                Copyright © Copyright © 2016 by S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                This is an Open Access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC) (www.karger.com/OA-license), applicable to the online version of the article only. Distribution permitted for non-commercial purposes only.

                History
                Date received : 10 May 2015
                Date accepted : 27 April 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 4, References: 25, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                Keywords: hearing impairment,impaired glucose tolerance,atherosclerosis,glycated albumin
                Data availability:
                Keywords: hearing impairment, impaired glucose tolerance, atherosclerosis, glycated albumin

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