Effect of Warm Acupuncture Combined with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation on Cartilage Tissue in Rabbit Knee Osteoarthritis

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Abstract

The current study was designed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of warm acupuncture combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) transplantation on cartilage tissue injury in rabbit knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In the study, 50 rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups: blank group, KOA group, warm acupuncture group, BMSCs group, and warm acupuncture combined with BMSCs group. After warm acupuncture combined with BMSCs, the Modified Lequesne MG knee joint assessment scale was used to evaluate the degree of knee joint behavior, the Taiping Peng method generally observed the histomorphology changes of KOA rabbit cartilage, and hematoxylin-eosin staining, safranin O green staining, and toluidine blue staining were conducted to evaluate the extent of cartilage tissue pathology. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL staining were used to observe cell apoptosis, and immunohistochemistry and qPCR analysis were used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and mRNA. Results showed that administration of warm acupuncture combined with BMSCs recovered the joint function and significantly decreased Lequesne MG score. The degree of cartilage tissue pathological damage has been improved, cartilage ultrastructure degeneration has recovered, peripheral blood vessels have mild edema, blood supply has gradually recovered, and even small amounts of red blood cells have appeared. In addition, warm acupuncture combined with BMSCs treatment suppressed chondrocyte apoptosis in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis by reduced TUNEL-positive chondrocytes and simultaneously reversed the mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3. These results indicate that warm acupuncture combined with BMSCs transplantation has a potential protective effect on rabbit KOA, which may be mediated by inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis.

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Most cited references 57

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Role of low-grade inflammation in osteoarthritis

Carla R Scanzello (2017)

Purpose of review Inflammatory changes in joint tissues can be detected by modern imaging techniques in osteoarthritis patients, but may be clinically subtle compared with many other types of arthritis. These changes associate with disease progression and clinical severity, and many inflammatory mediators may have biomarker utility. Moreover, a number of inflammatory mechanisms play a role in animal models of disease, but it is still not clear which mechanisms predominate and might be therapeutically manipulated most effectively. This review highlights specific examples of recent advances published in the past 18 months that have advanced this field. Recent findings Clinical investigators now show that synovial inflammation is associated with pain sensitization, and similar to knee osteoarthritis, is a common and important feature of hand osteoarthritis. In addition, recent advances in basic studies demonstrate inflammatory markers and mechanisms related to leukocyte activity, innate immune mechanisms, and the chondrocyte-intrinsic inflammatory response that might provide better opportunities for early detection, prognosis, or therapeutic intervention. Summary Inflammation plays a central role in osteoarthritis pathogenesis, but additional translational work in this field is necessary, as are more clinical trials of anti-inflammatory approaches.

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Risk factors and the natural history of accelerated knee osteoarthritis: a narrative review

Jeffrey B Driban, Matthew Harkey, Mary F. Barbe … (2020)

Background Osteoarthritis is generally a slowly progressive disorder. However, at least 1 in 7 people with incident knee osteoarthritis develop an abrupt progression to advanced-stage radiographic disease, many within 12 months. We summarize what is known – primarily based on findings from the Osteoarthritis Initiative – about the risk factors and natural history of accelerated knee osteoarthritis (AKOA) – defined as a transition from no radiographic knee osteoarthritis to advanced-stage disease < 4 years – and put these findings in context with typical osteoarthritis (slowly progressing disease), aging, prior case reports/series, and relevant animal models. Summary Risk factors in the 2 to 4 years before radiographic manifestation of AKOA (onset) include older age, higher body mass index, altered joint alignment, contralateral osteoarthritis, greater pre-radiographic disease burden (structural, symptoms, and function), or low fasting glucose. One to 2 years before AKOA onset people often exhibit rapid articular cartilage loss, larger bone marrow lesions and effusion-synovitis, more meniscal pathology, slower chair-stand or walking pace, and increased global impact of arthritis than adults with typical knee osteoarthritis. Increased joint symptoms predispose a person to new joint trauma, which for someone who develops AKOA is often characterized by a destabilizing meniscal tear (e.g., radial or root tear). One in 7 people with AKOA onset subsequently receive a knee replacement during a 9-year period. The median time from any increase in radiographic severity to knee replacement is only 2.3 years. Despite some similarities, AKOA is different than other rapidly progressive arthropathies and collapsing these phenomena together or extracting results from one type of osteoarthritis to another should be avoided until further research comparing these types of osteoarthritis is conducted. Animal models that induce meniscal damage in the presence of other risk factors or create an incongruent distribution of loading on joints create an accelerated form of osteoarthritis compared to other models and may offer insights into AKOA. Conclusion Accelerated knee osteoarthritis is unique from typical knee osteoarthritis. The incidence of AKOA in the Osteoarthritis Initiative and Chingford Study is substantial. AKOA needs to be taken into account and studied in epidemiologic studies and clinical trials.

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Sjoerd K. Bulstra, Rudolph G T Geesink, Anouck Drukker … (1991)

For the histopathological classification of the severity of osteoarthritic lesions of cartilage, the Mankin score is frequently used. A necessary constraint on the validity of this scoring system is the consistency with which cartilage lesions are classified. The intra- and interobserver agreement of the Mankin score was determined. The intra- and interobserver agreement of the 14-point Mankin score was adequate. Between observers 95% of differences were less than approximately 7 points. By a more strict definition of the elements of the Mankin score, the intraobserver differences were reduced only for some observers. The interobserver differences were only slightly reduced: between observers 95% of differences were less than approximately 6 points. We found the Mankin score to be an adequate histopathological tool.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Yong-li Wu:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9774-453X

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): ECAM

Title: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM

Publisher: Hindawi

ISSN (Print): 1741-427X

ISSN (Electronic): 1741-4288

Publication date Collection: 2021

Publication date (Electronic): 11 August 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 11 August 2021

Volume: 2021

Electronic Location Identifier: 5523726

Affiliations

¹Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China

²Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China

³Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China

Author notes

Academic Editor: Mario Ledda

Author information

Jun-wei Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-7673

Yong-li Wu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9774-453X

Wei Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0862-8735

Yan-ling Zhang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2505-0795

Di Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-5659

Xiao-xiu Ma https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-0445

Chun Li https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1655-6578

Yu-yuan Ma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0902-7272

Article

DOI: 10.1155/2021/5523726

PMC ID: 8373500

PubMed ID: 34422071

SO-VID: 0fc29fea-c0b4-4c99-a60e-79586b1ea331

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 21 February 2021

Date revision received : 11 July 2021

Date accepted : 2 August 2021

Funding

Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China

Award ID: 81641148

Award ID: 81760891

Funded by: Second Batches of Science and Technology Leading Talent Project in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Award ID: KJT201610

Funded by: Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province

Award ID: 2020A1082

Funded by: Ningxia Medical University

Award ID: XM2019129

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