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      Factores que influyen en la dieta y los hábitos alimentarios de la población inmigrante china en Cataluña Translated title: Factors that influence the diet and eating habits of Chinese immigrant population in Catalonia (Spain)

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo Caracterizar la dieta y los hábitos alimentarios de las personas adultas inmigrantes de origen chino residentes en Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona), e identificar los factores que influyen en los posibles cambios en la dieta y en los hábitos alimentarios. Método Estudio cualitativo realizado en 2017 mediante un grupo de discusión con ocho personas adultas de origen chino (un hombre y siete mujeres). Se complementó la información con cinco entrevistas a informantes clave (tres hombres y dos mujeres) y observación no participante en talleres monográficos de promoción de la salud realizados a población china en un centro sanitario en Santa Coloma de Gramenet. Resultados Las personas adultas chinas realizaban tres comidas al día y tendían a picar entre horas. Su dieta se basaba en el consumo de arroz, soja y proteínas de origen vegetal. Raramente consumían leche y derivados, y destacó el consumo de aperitivos, bebidas azucaradas y bollería, así como la incorporación de alimentos del país de acogida, nuevos platos y técnicas de cocción. Intentaban mantener su dieta de origen, pero se identificaron barreras para lograrlo, como la preferencia de la dieta local por parte de los/las hijos/as, los horarios laborales y la falta de tiempo. Conclusiones Se observa una tendencia hacia la aculturación dietética. Es necesario realizar actividades de promoción de la salud dirigidas a las familias chinas para mejorar los aspectos más deficientes de su dieta y de sus hábitos alimentarios, y alentarles a reducir el consumo de aperitivos y productos azucarados.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective To characterize the diet and eating habits of adult immigrants of Chinese origin residing in Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona, Spain), and to identify the factors that influence the changes in diet and eating habits. Method Qualitative study conducted in 2017 through a discussion group with eight adults of Chinese origin (one man and seven women). The information was complemented by five interviews with key informants (three men and two women) and non-participant observation in health promotion workshops aimed at Chinese patients of a health center in Santa Coloma de Gramenet. Results Chinese adults made three meals a day and tended to snack between meals. Their diet was based on rice, soy and proteins of vegetable origin. Participants rarely consumed milk and milk derivatives but highlighted their consumption of snacks, sugary drinks and pastries, as well as the incorporation of foods, new dishes and cooking techniques from the host country. The Chinese immigrants tried to maintain their diet of origin, however there were various barriers to this, such as the preference of the local diet by the children, work schedules and lack of time. Conclusions A tendency towards dietary acculturation is observed among the participants. Health promotion activities aimed at Chinese families are needed to improve aspects of their diet and eating habits, aiming to reduce the consumption of snacks and sugary products.

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          A new stage of the nutrition transition in China.

          To fully explore the long-term shifts in the nutrition transition and the full implications of these changes in the Chinese diet. A descriptive, population-based study. Data come from nationally representative surveys: the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1989-1997), the China National Nutrition Survey (1982 and 1992), the annual household consumption surveys of the State Statistical Bureau, and the Annual Death Report of China. During the first part of the major economic transformation in China (before 1985), cereal intake increased but decreased thereafter. There was also a long-term reduction of vegetable consumption that has now stabilised. Intake of animal foods increased slowly before 1979 and more quickly after the economic reforms occurred. While the total energy intake of residents has decreased, as has energy expenditure, large changes in the composition of energy have occurred. The overall proportion of energy from fat increased quickly, reaching an overall average of 27.3% and 32.8% for urban residents in 1997. Over a third of all Chinese adults and 60.1% of those in urban areas consumed over 30% of their energy from fat in 1997. Large shifts towards increased inactivity at work and leisure occurred. These changes are linked with rapid increases of overweight, obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (DR-NCDs) as well as total mortality for urban residents. The long-term trend is a shift towards a high-fat, high-energy-density and low-fibre diet. The Chinese have entered a new stage of the nutrition transition.
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            Barriers and facilitators to healthy eating for nurses in the workplace: an integrative review.

            The aim was to conduct an integrative systematic review to identify barriers and facilitators to healthy eating for working nurses.
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              Dietary pattern change and acculturation of Chinese Americans in Pennsylvania.

              To obtain information about dietary pattern change of Chinese Americans in Pennsylvania and its relationship with demographic characteristics and acculturation indicators. A cross-sectional self-administered survey. A convenience sample of 399 Chinese Americans. Statistical analyses performed t Tests, analysis of variance with Tukey post-hoc tests, Spearman rank correlation, and chi(2) test. After immigration, Chinese Americans increased consumption frequency of all seven food groups (grains, vegetables, fruits, meat/meat alternatives, dairy products, fats/sweets, and beverages) and Western foods while consumption frequency of traditional Chinese foods decreased. Dietary variety also increased after immigration. Higher education and higher income levels were associated with a larger increase in consumption frequency of grains, vegetables, and fruits. Persons who resided in the United States for a longer period of time shared a greater increase in their consumption frequencies of vegetables, fats/sweets, and beverages. Persons with better English proficiency had a greater increase in their consumption frequency of grains, fruits, meat/meat alternatives, and fats/sweets. This study can help nutrition educators design appropriate educational programs for first-generation Chinese Americans that can facilitate the adoption of more healthful dietary practices. Nutrition educators should consider the dietary changes of Chinese-American participants, such as skipping breakfast and increased consumption frequency of fats, sweets, and soft drinks, which were observed in this study. For example, acculturated first-generation Chinese Americans should be encouraged to decrease fats, sweets, and soft-drink consumption. Less-acculturated persons should be encouraged to maintain their healthful dietary pattern and increase consumption of vegetables and fruits.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Ediciones Doyma, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                February 2021
                : 35
                : 1
                : 12-20
                Affiliations
                [4] Badalona (Barcelona) orgnameInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Germans Trias i Pujol España
                [1] Alicante Valencia orgnameUniversidad de Alicante orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública Spain
                [2] Barcelona orgnameGeneralitat de Catalunya orgdiv1Departament de Salut orgdiv2Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos de Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual y Sida en Cataluña (CEEISCAT) España
                [7] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Pompeu Fabra orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Salud Ocupacional (CISAL) Spain
                [8] Badalona (Barcelona) Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Autónoma de Barcelona orgdiv1Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, y Medicina Preventiva Spain
                [6] Barcelona orgnameUniversidad Técnica de Cataluña orgdiv1Departamento de Estadística España
                [3] orgnameCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) España
                [5] Barcelona orgnameMC Mutual orgdiv1Servicio de Investigación y Análisis IT/EP España
                Article
                S0213-91112021000100012 S0213-9111(21)03500100012
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.08.014
                0fdedf4e-7d65-4569-bbc8-abd51230c0cd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 April 2019
                : 07 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Inmigrantes,España,Food habits,Diet,Acculturation,Immigrants,China,Aculturación,Dieta,Hábitos alimentarios,Spain

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