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      The Natural History and Treatment of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Associated Pneumothorax—A 10-Year Single-Centre Experience

      research-article
      , MD, MSc a , , MD a , , NP a , , MD, MSc, MMEd a , b , , MD a , b ,
      CJC Open
      Elsevier

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          Abstract

          Background

          Pneumothorax is a common complication of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) procedures. There is a paucity of data on the natural history and management of a CIED-associated pneumothorax.

          Methods

          This is a single-centre retrospective study of all consecutive patients with a CIED-associated pneumothorax between March 2010 and March 2020. Pneumothorax size was determined on all chest x-rays after device implantation and before chest tube insertion (if placed). Changes in pneumothorax size on serial chest x-rays were reported. Clinical outcomes in patients with a severe-sized pneumothorax treated with a chest tube were compared with those treated conservatively.

          Results

          A total of 86 CIED-associated pneumothoraxes were identified, with 55 (63.9%) patients having a pneumothorax severe in size. Thirty-seven patients with a severe pneumothorax received a chest tube, whereas 18 were managed conservatively. Chest tube use was associated with a higher rate of admission to hospital (100% vs 63%, P = 0.02) for patients undergoing outpatient procedure, longer length of stay (6.3 ± 3.9 vs 2.7 ± 2.9 days, P = 0.04), but fewer chest x-rays (1.9 ± 0.7 vs 4.1 ± 2.5, P = 0.002).

          Conclusion

          An initial strategy of conservative management of a CIED-associated pneumothorax in select patients may be feasible and safe.

          Résumé

          Contexte

          Le pneumothorax est une complication courante des interventions visant à mettre en place un dispositif cardiaque électronique implantable (DCEI). Il n’existe que très peu de données sur l’évolution naturelle et la prise en charge du pneumothorax lié à la pose d’un DCEI.

          Méthodologie

          Nous avons étudié rétrospectivement les cas de patients ayant présenté un pneumothorax lié à un DCEI et traités consécutivement dans un même centre entre mars 2010 et mars 2020. La taille du pneumothorax a été déterminée dans toutes les cradiographies pulmonaires obtenues après la pose du DCEI et avant l’insertion d’un drain thoracique (le cas échéant). Les variations de la taille du pneumothorax mesurée sur les radiographies pulmonaires successives ont été rapportées. Les résultats cliniques observés chez les patients présentant un pneumothorax important traités par drainage thoracique ont été comparés à ceux de patients traités selon l’approche classique.

          Résultats

          Au total, 86 cas de pneumothorax liés à un DCEI ont été relevés; 55 patients (63,9 %) présentaient un pneumothorax important. De ce nombre, 37 patients ont subi un drainage thoracique, tandis que les 18 autres ont été pris en charge selon l’approche classique. Le recours à un drain thoracique a été associé à un taux d’admission à l’hôpital plus élevé (100 % vs 63 %; p = 0,02) dans le cas des interventions ambulatoires et à une hospitalisation plus longue (6,3 ± 3,9 vs 2,7 ± 2,9 jours; p = 0,04), mais à un moins grand nombre de radiographies pulmonaires (1,9 ± 0,7 vs 4,1 ± 2,5; p = 0,002).

          Conclusion

          Dans certains cas, il est possible et sûr d’avoir recours à une prise en charge initiale classique du pneumothorax lié à un DCEI.

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          Most cited references13

          • Record: found
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          Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010.

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            Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: an American College of Chest Physicians Delphi consensus statement.

            Provide explicit expert-based consensus recommendations for the management of adults with primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothoraces in an emergency department and inpatient hospital setting. The use of opinion was made explicit by employing a structured questionnaire, appropriateness scores, and consensus scores with a Delphi technique. The guideline was designed to be relevant to physicians who make management decisions for the care of patients with pneumothorax. Decisions for observation, chest tube placement, surgical interventions, and radiographic imaging. Effectiveness of pneumothorax resolution, duration of and patient tolerance of care, and pneumothorax recurrence. Literature review from 1967 to January 1999 and Delphi questionnaire submitted in three iterations to a multidisciplinary physician panel. The guideline development group determined by consensus the relevant outcomes to be considered in developing the Delphi questionnaire. The type and magnitude of benefits, harms, and costs expected for patients from guideline implementation. Management decisions vary between patients with primary or secondary pneumothoraces, with observation of small pneumothoraces being appropriate only for primary pneumothoraces. The level of consensus varies regarding the specific interventions indicated, but agreement exists for the general principles of care. Recommendations were peer reviewed by physician experts and were reviewed by the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) Health and Science Policy Committee. The guideline recommendations will be published in printed and electronic form with distribution of synopses for patients and health care providers. Contents of the guideline will be incorporated into continuing medical education programs. The ACCP.
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              • Record: found
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              Conservative versus Interventional Treatment for Spontaneous Pneumothorax

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                CJC Open
                CJC Open
                CJC Open
                Elsevier
                2589-790X
                21 October 2020
                February 2021
                21 October 2020
                : 3
                : 2
                : 176-181
                Affiliations
                [a ]Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                [b ]Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author: Dr Sheldon M. Singh, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, A222, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada. Tel.: +1-416-480-6100 x 83659; fax: +1-416-480-5707. sheldon.singh@ 123456sunnybrook.ca
                Article
                S2589-790X(20)30170-0
                10.1016/j.cjco.2020.10.011
                7893186
                33644731
                0ff2912e-92ca-468d-8a97-0b99df77afa0
                © 2020 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 25 September 2020
                : 15 October 2020
                Categories
                Original Article

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