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      Chronic Neck Pain and Cervico-Craniofacial Pain Patients Express Similar Levels of Neck Pain-Related Disability, Pain Catastrophizing, and Cervical Range of Motion

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          Abstract

          Background. Neck pain (NP) is strongly associated with cervico-craniofacial pain (CCFP). The primary aim of the present study was to compare the neck pain-related disability, pain catastrophizing, and cervical and mandibular ROM between patients with chronic mechanical NP and patients with CCFP, as well as asymptomatic subjects. Methods. A total of 64 participants formed three groups. All participants underwent a clinical examination evaluating the cervical range of motion and maximum mouth opening, neck disability index (NDI), and psychological factor of Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Results. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with NP and CCFP for NDI and PCS ( P > 0.05). One- way ANOVA revealed significant differences for all ROM measurements. The post hoc analysis showed no statistically significant differences in cervical extension and rotation between the two patient groups ( P > 0.05). The Pearson correlation analysis shows a moderate positive association between NDI and the PCS for the group of patients with NP and CCFP. Conclusion. The CCFP and NP patient groups have similar neck disability levels and limitation in cervical ROM in extension and rotation. Both groups had positively correlated the NDI with the PCS.

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          Most cited references63

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          Eta-Squared and Partial Eta-Squared in Fixed Factor Anova Designs

          J J Cohen (1973)
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            Psychological aspects of persistent pain: current state of the science.

            This article provides an overview of current research on psychological aspects of persistent pain. It is divided into 3 sections. In section 1, recent studies are reviewed that provide evidence that psychological factors are related to adjustment to persistent pain. This section addresses research on factors associated with increased pain and poorer adjustment to pain (ie, pain catastrophizing, pain-related anxiety and fear of pain, and helplessness) and factors associated with decreased pain and improved adjustment to pain (ie, self-efficacy, pain coping strategies, readiness to change, and acceptance). In section 2, we review recent research on behavioral and psychosocial interventions for patients with persistent pain. Topics addressed include early intervention, tailoring treatment, telephone/Internet-based treatment, caregiver-assisted treatment, and exposure-based protocols. In section 3, we conclude with a general discussion that highlights steps needed to advance this area of research including developing more comprehensive and integrative conceptual models, increasing attention to the social context of pain, examining the link of psychological factors to pain-related brain activation patterns, and investigating the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of psychological treatments for pain. This is one of several invited commentaries to appear in The Journal of Pain in recognition of The Decade of Pain Research. This article provides an overview of current research on psychological aspects of persistent pain, and highlights steps needed to advance this area of research. Copyright 2004 American Pain Society
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              Catastrophizing, pain, and disability in patients with soft-tissue injuries.

              The present study examined the role of catastrophizing in predicting levels of pain and disability in a sample of individuals who had sustained soft-tissue injuries to the neck, shoulders or back following work or motor vehicle accidents. Participants were 86 (27 men, 59 women) consecutive referrals to the Atlantic Pain Clinic, a multidisciplinary treatment centre for the management of persistent pain disorders. Findings revealed that catastrophizing, measured by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS; Sullivan, M.J.L. et al., Psychol. Assess., 7 (1995) 524-532) was significantly correlated with patients' reported pain intensity, perceived disability and employment status. The results of a regression analysis further showed that catastrophizing contributed to the prediction of disability over and above the variance accounted for by pain intensity. In addition, catastrophizing was associated with disability independent of the levels of depression and anxiety. The rumination subscale of the PCS was the strongest predictor of pain and disability. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pain Res Treat
                Pain Res Treat
                PRT
                Pain Research and Treatment
                Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                2090-1542
                2090-1550
                2016
                29 March 2016
                : 2016
                : 7296032
                Affiliations
                1Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain
                2Research Group on Movement and Behavioural Science and Study of Pain, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain
                3Institute of Neuroscience and Craniofacial Pain (INDCRAN), 28023 Madrid, Spain
                4Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
                5Department of Psychology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
                6Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
                Author notes
                *Daniel Muñoz-García: danimgsan@ 123456gmail.com

                Academic Editor: Donald A. Simone

                Article
                10.1155/2016/7296032
                4828545
                27119020
                101707a7-f2ca-4e3b-993f-0494b0ab396a
                Copyright © 2016 Daniel Muñoz-García et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 31 December 2015
                : 1 March 2016
                : 15 March 2016
                Categories
                Research Article

                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                Anesthesiology & Pain management

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