The current trends and future perspectives of prebiotics research: a review

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Abstract

Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth of bifidogenic and lactic acid bacteria in the gastro-intestinal tract. Typically, the prebiotics consist of dietary fibers and oligosaccharides. Prebiotics exert a plethora of health-promoting effects, owing to which multi million food and pharma industries have been established. Prebiotics are being implicated in starter culture formulation, gut health maintenance, colitis prevention, cancer inhibition, immunopotentiaton, cholesterol removal, reduction of cardiovascular disease, prevention of obesity and constipation, bacteriocin production, use in fishery, poultry, pig, cattle feed and pet food. Looking at the ever-increasing demand of prebiotics, in this review, recent trends in prebiotic production from new novel sources, from food industrial wastes, prebiotic supplementation in food, commercially available prebiotic agents, prebiotic production by various techniques and future perspectives has been discussed. The critical insight into this hot research area aims to stimulate further ponderance.

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Most cited references 89

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Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept of prebiotics.

Glenn R. Gibson, Hollie Probert, Jan Van Loo … (2004)

Prebiotics are non-digestible (by the host) food ingredients that have a beneficial effect through their selective metabolism in the intestinal tract. Key to this is the specificity of microbial changes. The present paper reviews the concept in terms of three criteria: (a) resistance to gastric acidity, hydrolysis by mammalian enzymes and gastrointestinal absorption; (b) fermentation by intestinal microflora; (c) selective stimulation of the growth and/or activity of intestinal bacteria associated with health and wellbeing. The conclusion is that prebiotics that currently fulfil these three criteria are fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, although promise does exist with several other dietary carbohydrates. Given the range of food vehicles that may be fortified by prebiotics, their ability to confer positive microflora changes and the health aspects that may accrue, it is important that robust technologies to assay functionality are used. This would include a molecular-based approach to determine flora changes. The future use of prebiotics may allow species-level changes in the microbiota, an extrapolation into genera other than the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and allow preferential use in disease-prone areas of the body.

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Gut microbiota fermentation of prebiotics increases satietogenic and incretin gut peptide production with consequences for appetite sensation and glucose response after a meal.

Patrice Cani, Elodie Lecourt, Evelyne M Dewulf … (2009)

We have previously shown that gut microbial fermentation of prebiotics promotes satiety and lowers hunger and energy intake in humans. In rodents, these effects are associated with an increase in plasma gut peptide concentrations, which are involved in appetite regulation and glucose homeostasis. Our aim was to examine the effects of prebiotic supplementation on satiety and related hormones during a test meal for human volunteers by using a noninvasive micromethod for blood sampling to measure plasma gut peptide concentrations. This study was a randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 10 healthy adults (5 men and 5 women) were randomly assigned to groups that received either 16 g prebiotics/d or 16 g dextrin maltose/d for 2 wk. Meal tolerance tests were performed in the morning to measure the following: hydrogen breath test, satiety, glucose homeostasis, and related hormone response. We show that the prebiotic treatment increased breath-hydrogen excretion (a marker of gut microbiota fermentation) by approximately 3-fold and lowered hunger rates. Prebiotics increased plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY concentrations, whereas postprandial plasma glucose responses decreased after the standardized meal. The areas under the curve for plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 and breath-hydrogen excretion measured after the meal (0-60 min) were significantly correlated (r = 0.85, P = 0.007). The glucose response was inversely correlated with the breath-hydrogen excretion areas under the curve (0-180 min; r = -0.73, P = 0.02). Prebiotic supplementation was associated with an increase in plasma gut peptide concentrations (glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY), which may contribute in part to changes in appetite sensation and glucose excursion responses after a meal in healthy subjects.

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The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids

Daniel L. Merrifield, Arkadios Dimitroglou, Andrew David Foey … (2010)

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Author and article information

Contributors

Seema Patel: +91-9646054105 , seemabiotech83@gmail.com

Arun Goyal: arungoyl@iitg.ernet.in

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): 3 Biotech

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): 3 Biotech

Title: 3 Biotech

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )

ISSN (Electronic): 2190-5738

Publication date (Electronic): 28 January 2012

Publication date PMC-release: 28 January 2012

Publication date (Print): June 2012

Volume: 2

Issue: 2

Pages: 115-125

Affiliations

[ ]Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144402 Punjab India

[ ]Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039 Assam India

Article

Publisher ID: 44

DOI: 10.1007/s13205-012-0044-x

PMC ID: 3376865

SO-VID: 10544b8f-3aba-40ca-b04f-bfe5306f7eda

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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.

History

Date received : 22 November 2011

Date accepted : 15 January 2012

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Keywords: prebiotics,oligosaccharides,anticancer,colitis prevention,cholesterol reduction

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Keywords: prebiotics, oligosaccharides, anticancer, colitis prevention, cholesterol reduction

The current trends and future perspectives of prebiotics research: a review

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Most cited references 89

Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept of prebiotics.

Gut microbiota fermentation of prebiotics increases satietogenic and incretin gut peptide production with consequences for appetite sensation and glucose response after a meal.

The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids

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